Aim <p>Depression is one of the major mental health crises impacting refugees who have endured traumatic experiences before and after resettlement in a new country. Guided by the Social Determinants of Health (SDH) framework, this study examined factors associated with depressive symptoms among refugees resettled in the United States (U.S).</p> Subjects and methods <p>This study employed a cross-sectional survey derived from the 2020 Annual Survey of Refugees (ASR). The participants were refugees resettled in the U.S. between 2014 and 2019 (N = 1527). Ordinal logistic regression was conducted to determine the significant associations between selected SDH domains and self-reported depressive symptoms among refugees resettled in the U.S.</p> Results <p>Across five selected domains of SDH, refugees who reported overall good physical health (β = -0.96, AOR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.27–0.53, p &lt; .001), had access to Medicaid and other types of health insurance (β = -0.43, AOR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.46–0.93, p &lt; .05), and felt welcomed in their resettled&#xa0;communities (β = -0.57, AOR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.45–0.72, p &lt; .001), were associated with a lower likelihood of exhibiting depressive symptoms during the past 30&#xa0;days. However, refugees who experienced discrimination were associated with higher odds of exhibiting depressive symptoms during the past 30&#xa0;days (β = 0.58, AOR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.23–2.60, p &lt; .001).</p> Conclusion <p>This study underscores the need for policymakers and service providers to advocate for improved access to affordable health insurance and mental health services, foster a sense of community connectedness, and address discrimination to alleviate depressive symptoms impacting vulnerable&#xa0;refugees resettled in the U.S.</p>