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Aim <p>The World Health Organization (WHO) advises engaging in muscle-strengthening activities (MSAs) involving all major muscle groups on at least two days per week and at moderate or greater intensity. MSAs guideline adherence is oftentimes inferred based only on the frequency of MSAs, though. Thus, we aimed to explore the differences in MSAs guideline adherence depending on a frequency-only vs. comprehensive operationalization.</p> Methods <p>In a sports psychological, cross-sectional online survey, we included a questionnaire that assessed whether participants engaged in MSAs and whether they performed them according to the WHO guideline on at least two days per week, at moderate or greater intensity, and involving all major muscle groups. A convenience sample was recruited via advertisements online and offline (e.g., in fitness centers).</p> Results <p>Data were available for 235 (after exclusions) adults, who were mostly young and middle-aged, well-educated, and physically active. 71.1% of participants reported performing MSAs. 55.7% of participants reported performing MSAs on at least two days per week, whereas only 26.8% met all three components of the WHO guideline on MSAs. Not training all major muscle groups was a major barrier to MSAs guideline adherence.</p> Conclusion <p>Our results indicate the importance of considering all components of the WHO guideline on MSAs (frequency, intensity, involved muscle groups) for inferring guideline adherence, as a frequency-only operationalization may overestimate MSAs guideline adherence substantially.</p>

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Measuring up: Is frequency enough for assessing adherence to muscle-strengthening guidelines?

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月27日

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  • Julian Brummer,
  • Florian Herbolsheimer,
  • Emilia Hoffmann,
  • Philipp Stang,
  • Karen Steindorf,
  • Martin G. Köllner

摘要

Aim

The World Health Organization (WHO) advises engaging in muscle-strengthening activities (MSAs) involving all major muscle groups on at least two days per week and at moderate or greater intensity. MSAs guideline adherence is oftentimes inferred based only on the frequency of MSAs, though. Thus, we aimed to explore the differences in MSAs guideline adherence depending on a frequency-only vs. comprehensive operationalization.

Methods

In a sports psychological, cross-sectional online survey, we included a questionnaire that assessed whether participants engaged in MSAs and whether they performed them according to the WHO guideline on at least two days per week, at moderate or greater intensity, and involving all major muscle groups. A convenience sample was recruited via advertisements online and offline (e.g., in fitness centers).

Results

Data were available for 235 (after exclusions) adults, who were mostly young and middle-aged, well-educated, and physically active. 71.1% of participants reported performing MSAs. 55.7% of participants reported performing MSAs on at least two days per week, whereas only 26.8% met all three components of the WHO guideline on MSAs. Not training all major muscle groups was a major barrier to MSAs guideline adherence.

Conclusion

Our results indicate the importance of considering all components of the WHO guideline on MSAs (frequency, intensity, involved muscle groups) for inferring guideline adherence, as a frequency-only operationalization may overestimate MSAs guideline adherence substantially.