Profiles of gun violence exposure in a nationally representative sample of US youth and young adults
摘要
Firearm violence is a leading cause of death among youth and adolescents in the United States. Understanding the range of youth exposure to gun violence—including self-harm, direct experience of victimization and perpetration, and indirect exposure—is of critical importance. We examined the co-occurrence profiles of forms of exposure in a sample of nationally representative youth and young adults (N ~ 5000).
Subject and methodsLatent class analysis was applied to survey data collected from the AmeriSpeak Panel, representing US youth and young adults aged 10 to 34. Outcome variables included gun violence perpetration, victimization, self-harm, and indirect exposure. Covariate descriptors of the profiles included gender, race, ethnicity, age, urbanity, income, and region.
ResultsYoung people in the USA fall into four different profiles of gun violence exposure, including a class reflecting high risk of all types (high gun violence; 4.4%), a class representing gun victimization, self-harm, and indirect gun violence (gun violence victimization, self-harm, and indirect gun violence; 14.5%), a class with only indirect gun violence exposure (indirect gun violence only; 18.8%), and a class with low gun violence exposure (low gun violence; 62.2%). Class membership is distinguishable by selected demographics.
ConclusionPrevention efforts aiming to reduce the risk of gun violence need to take into consideration the co-occurrence of types of gun violence and be tailored to meet the needs of groups of youth and young adults following different patterns of exposure.