Aim <p>Miscarriages and stillbirths can lead to several mental disorders. However, the number of studies investigating these disorders by applying validated structured clinical interviews is limited. Thus, this study aims to examine the current prevalence of mental disorders using a standardized diagnostic interview in women having experienced miscarriages or stillbirths within the previous 12 months (experimental group, EG) as compared to two control groups (CG).</p> Subjects and methods <p>A structured diagnostic interview (DIPS, diagnostic interview for mental disorders) administered online by trained interviewers was chosen to determine the point prevalence of preselected mental disorders in women in EG and CG groups.</p> Results <p>The most frequent current mental disorder in women within EG (<i>n</i> = 177) was adjustment disorder (22.40%), followed by specific phobia (14.49%) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (8.14%). The point prevalence rate of PTSD in this group (8.14%) was significantly higher than that in women who had born a living child in the previous year (0%; CG₁: <i>n</i> = 49). Other group differences regarding mental disorders failed to be significant due to limited sample sizes. Women within EG had a significantly higher rate of adjustment disorder (22.40%) than women of childbearing age with one or more living children aged 1–17 years (2.86%; CG₂ <i>n</i> = 52).</p> Conclusion <p>The main finding of this study is that women having experienced miscarriages or stillbirths within the previous year are especially prone to adjustment disorders and PTSD compared to controls. Regarding depressive and anxiety disorders, longitudinal studies with larger samples are recommended for a complete evaluation of prevalence.</p>