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<p>This study interrogates the enduring challenge of energy deprivation in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where nearly 600&#xa0;million people still lack reliable, affordable, and clean energy, by asking how government spending and governance quality together shape energy poverty. Drawing on a panel of 26 SSA countries from 2005 to 2022, a novel multidimensional Energy Poverty Index, capturing energy accessibility, energy affordability, and energy cleanability was constructed using principal components analysis. The Panel-Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) and Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) were employed to estimate the mean effects of government expenditure and a disaggregated governance framework (institutional, economic, and political dimensions) on energy poverty. To uncover heterogeneous impacts, the study applied Method-of-Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR), and, recognizing that causal complexity may elude linear methods, the fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) was used to identify relevant configurations that consistently produce high or low energy poverty. The findings reveal that while higher government expenditure is necessary for alleviating energy poverty, its efficacy hinges on governance quality, particularly the strength of economic and institutional frameworks. MMQR shows that fiscal interventions yield the greatest benefits for the most energy-deprived regions, and fsQCA highlights that low spending, weak governance, and under-industrialization almost invariably coincide with severe energy deprivation. Crucially, political governance alone can be ineffectual unless paired with transparent budgeting and regulatory rigor. The establishment of real-time “SSA Energy Governance Observatory” is recommended to transparently track and benchmark public expenditures and governance, ensuring every dollar delivers reliable, affordable, and clean power to the hardest-hit communities.</p>

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Synergistic effects of government expenditure and governance quality in alleviating energy poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from mean-based, distributional, and configurational analyses

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月6日

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  • Abdulkadri Toyin Alabi

摘要

This study interrogates the enduring challenge of energy deprivation in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where nearly 600 million people still lack reliable, affordable, and clean energy, by asking how government spending and governance quality together shape energy poverty. Drawing on a panel of 26 SSA countries from 2005 to 2022, a novel multidimensional Energy Poverty Index, capturing energy accessibility, energy affordability, and energy cleanability was constructed using principal components analysis. The Panel-Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) and Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) were employed to estimate the mean effects of government expenditure and a disaggregated governance framework (institutional, economic, and political dimensions) on energy poverty. To uncover heterogeneous impacts, the study applied Method-of-Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR), and, recognizing that causal complexity may elude linear methods, the fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) was used to identify relevant configurations that consistently produce high or low energy poverty. The findings reveal that while higher government expenditure is necessary for alleviating energy poverty, its efficacy hinges on governance quality, particularly the strength of economic and institutional frameworks. MMQR shows that fiscal interventions yield the greatest benefits for the most energy-deprived regions, and fsQCA highlights that low spending, weak governance, and under-industrialization almost invariably coincide with severe energy deprivation. Crucially, political governance alone can be ineffectual unless paired with transparent budgeting and regulatory rigor. The establishment of real-time “SSA Energy Governance Observatory” is recommended to transparently track and benchmark public expenditures and governance, ensuring every dollar delivers reliable, affordable, and clean power to the hardest-hit communities.