<p>Urethral stricture is a fibrotic narrowing of the urethra leading to significant lower urinary tract obstruction, predominantly affecting men. Its etiology is multifactorial, with iatrogenic causes being most common in industrialized countries. Pathophysiologically, inflammatory or traumatic processes result in spongiofibrosis and subsequent luminal narrowing. Clinically, patients present with obstructive voiding symptoms, urinary retention, and potential complications such as infections or renal impairment.Diagnosis relies on patient history, physical examination, uroflowmetry, and imaging, with retrograde urethrography considered the gold standard. Treatment options include endourological and open reconstructive approaches. Minimally invasive techniques such as dilation and internal urethrotomy are suitable for short strictures but are associated with high recurrence rates. Open urethroplasty remains the gold standard for long or recurrent strictures, achieving long-term success rates of up to 95%.Reconstructive techniques include end-to-end anastomosis and substitution urethroplasty using autologous oral mucosa grafts. Emerging tissue-engineered grafts show promising outcomes. Structured follow-up is essential for early detection of recurrence and long-term treatment success.</p>