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<p>Microporous mud-dominated carbonate reservoirs represent a critical unconventional resource within the Cretaceous succession of the Middle East, particularly in the Zagros Basin. This study integrates facies analysis, diagenetic evaluation and petrophysical characterization to unravel the controls on reservoir quality in mud-dominated microporous facies of the Sarvak and Ilam formations across the Abadan Plain. Core samples, thin sections and scanning electron microscopy images from five exploration wells were analyzed in Abadan Plain oilfields, alongside porosity–permeability measurements and mercury injection capillary pressure measurements obtained from plug samples. Results reveal that micrite textural properties dominate reservoir potential, with extensively dissolved micritic textures (MTC-1 and MTC-2) exhibiting up to 32% porosity and 200–735&#xa0;mD permeability due to enhanced pore-throat connectivity. Dolomitized and recrystallized facies (MTC-3 and MTC-4) demonstrate intermediate reservoir quality, with permeability improvements linked to pore-network homogenization. Stratigraphically, high-quality reservoirs occur preferentially below palaeoexposure surfaces in the Sarvak Formation and within the lower intervals of the Ilam Formation. Mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) analyses highlight the critical role of pore-throat size distributions, where microporous facies show high displacement pressures (100 to &gt; 500&#xa0;psi), despite significant porosity. This study establishes a predictive framework linking depositional environments, diagenetic overprints and pore architecture to reservoir performance. These findings provide essential insights for exploring and developing tight carbonate reservoirs in the region, emphasizing targeted approaches to overcome low-permeability challenges. The work advances to global understanding of unconventional carbonate reservoirs whereas offering practical strategies to optimize recovery from these complex systems.</p>

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Microporous mud-dominated facies in Upper Cretaceous carbonate sequences of the Abadan Plain, SW Iran: depositional model, diagenesis history and petrophysical properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月21日

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  • Elham Talebi,
  • Hamzeh Mehrabi,
  • Javad Honarmand

摘要

Microporous mud-dominated carbonate reservoirs represent a critical unconventional resource within the Cretaceous succession of the Middle East, particularly in the Zagros Basin. This study integrates facies analysis, diagenetic evaluation and petrophysical characterization to unravel the controls on reservoir quality in mud-dominated microporous facies of the Sarvak and Ilam formations across the Abadan Plain. Core samples, thin sections and scanning electron microscopy images from five exploration wells were analyzed in Abadan Plain oilfields, alongside porosity–permeability measurements and mercury injection capillary pressure measurements obtained from plug samples. Results reveal that micrite textural properties dominate reservoir potential, with extensively dissolved micritic textures (MTC-1 and MTC-2) exhibiting up to 32% porosity and 200–735 mD permeability due to enhanced pore-throat connectivity. Dolomitized and recrystallized facies (MTC-3 and MTC-4) demonstrate intermediate reservoir quality, with permeability improvements linked to pore-network homogenization. Stratigraphically, high-quality reservoirs occur preferentially below palaeoexposure surfaces in the Sarvak Formation and within the lower intervals of the Ilam Formation. Mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) analyses highlight the critical role of pore-throat size distributions, where microporous facies show high displacement pressures (100 to > 500 psi), despite significant porosity. This study establishes a predictive framework linking depositional environments, diagenetic overprints and pore architecture to reservoir performance. These findings provide essential insights for exploring and developing tight carbonate reservoirs in the region, emphasizing targeted approaches to overcome low-permeability challenges. The work advances to global understanding of unconventional carbonate reservoirs whereas offering practical strategies to optimize recovery from these complex systems.