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<p>This study examines the tectonic origin, hydrodynamic behavior, and morphometric characteristics of three rockslide-dammed lakes—Oyu, Nomin, and Binderya—formed by the 1957 Mw 8.1 Gobi-Altay Range (GAR) earthquake in southern Mongolia. The earthquake generated large rockslides that blocked narrow valleys, producing rockslide dams and disrupting hydrological connectivity across this arid mountain region. Remote sensing data, morphometric analysis, and field measurements identify three major rockslide deposits, the largest near Binderya Lake (2.49 km<sup>2</sup>; 0.417 km<sup>3</sup>), with relatively smaller deposits (0.12–0.71 km<sup>2</sup>) at Oyu and Nomin Lakes. Steep valley slopes (avg. 35–43°, max 65–68°) combined with strong tectonic control govern rockslide initiation and downslope mobility. From 2016 to 2025, all lakes show declining area and volume, most notably Nomin and Oyu. However, the modest <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> values (0.16–0.26) indicate strong interannual variability, and the 10-year observation period is likely too short to distinguish long-term trends from short-term fluctuations. The lake depressions show distinct morphometric patterns. These patterns result from tectonic deformation and slope failure, and they control sediment storage and downstream flow. Terrain classification further reveals high surface heterogeneity, providing essential constraints for realistic modeling of rockslide dynamics. The findings demonstrate that earthquake-triggered rockslides are key geomorphic agents that reorganize sediment fluxes and modify depression morphology in arid, seismically active mountain environments, with important implications for seismic hazard assessment.</p>

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Geomorphic characteristics of lake depressions in the Gobi-Altay Range, Mongolia: Impact of an earthquake-induced rockslide

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Altanbold Enkhbold,
  • Ulambadrakh Khukhuudei,
  • Yeong Bae Seong,
  • Batzorig Batbold,
  • Ser-Od Tsedevdorj,
  • Purevmaa Khandsuren,
  • Uuganbat Ganbold,
  • Yumchmaa Gonchigjav

摘要

This study examines the tectonic origin, hydrodynamic behavior, and morphometric characteristics of three rockslide-dammed lakes—Oyu, Nomin, and Binderya—formed by the 1957 Mw 8.1 Gobi-Altay Range (GAR) earthquake in southern Mongolia. The earthquake generated large rockslides that blocked narrow valleys, producing rockslide dams and disrupting hydrological connectivity across this arid mountain region. Remote sensing data, morphometric analysis, and field measurements identify three major rockslide deposits, the largest near Binderya Lake (2.49 km2; 0.417 km3), with relatively smaller deposits (0.12–0.71 km2) at Oyu and Nomin Lakes. Steep valley slopes (avg. 35–43°, max 65–68°) combined with strong tectonic control govern rockslide initiation and downslope mobility. From 2016 to 2025, all lakes show declining area and volume, most notably Nomin and Oyu. However, the modest R2 values (0.16–0.26) indicate strong interannual variability, and the 10-year observation period is likely too short to distinguish long-term trends from short-term fluctuations. The lake depressions show distinct morphometric patterns. These patterns result from tectonic deformation and slope failure, and they control sediment storage and downstream flow. Terrain classification further reveals high surface heterogeneity, providing essential constraints for realistic modeling of rockslide dynamics. The findings demonstrate that earthquake-triggered rockslides are key geomorphic agents that reorganize sediment fluxes and modify depression morphology in arid, seismically active mountain environments, with important implications for seismic hazard assessment.