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<p>For saturated granular-liquid flows (particle size &gt; 2&#xa0;mm, volume fraction &gt; 0.2), the counterintuitive finding that fluid velocity is lower than particle velocity motivates a new two-phase model. Incorporating a frictional-collisional constitutive relation for the granular phase and an eddy viscosity approach for the liquid phase, the model couples phases via drag and buoyancy. Numerical results show good agreement for granular velocity profiles but insufficient liquid-phase data. This study first identifies a crossover in phase velocities along the depth direction. The scaling analysis shows particle collisions transmit most stress, and liquid viscosity modulates interparticle friction dominance. Parametric analyses examine effects of particle size, slope, density ratio, and viscosity on velocity separation. Finally, the model is not suited for the unsteady and nonuniform flows, multi-component particles or non-Newtonian fluids.</p>

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Phase separation in velocity profiles of saturated granular-liquid flows

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Jinbo Tang,
  • Hao Wang,
  • Yu Wang,
  • Chunhao Wu,
  • Huayong Chen,
  • Yu Lei

摘要

For saturated granular-liquid flows (particle size > 2 mm, volume fraction > 0.2), the counterintuitive finding that fluid velocity is lower than particle velocity motivates a new two-phase model. Incorporating a frictional-collisional constitutive relation for the granular phase and an eddy viscosity approach for the liquid phase, the model couples phases via drag and buoyancy. Numerical results show good agreement for granular velocity profiles but insufficient liquid-phase data. This study first identifies a crossover in phase velocities along the depth direction. The scaling analysis shows particle collisions transmit most stress, and liquid viscosity modulates interparticle friction dominance. Parametric analyses examine effects of particle size, slope, density ratio, and viscosity on velocity separation. Finally, the model is not suited for the unsteady and nonuniform flows, multi-component particles or non-Newtonian fluids.