Multi-pulse seismic effect in regional scale landslide using an improved smoothed particle hydrodynamics method
摘要
Near-fault pulse-like ground motions represent a critical class of seismic signals due to their amplified potential to destabilize slopes compared to ordinary ground motions. While prior studies have focused on single-pulse ground motions, multi-pulse events remain poorly characterized, particularly at regional scales. Here, an improved GPU-accelerated, smoothed particle hydrodynamics model is proposed to simulate earthquake-induced landslide hazards across square-kilometer-scale terrains. A novel dynamic boundary condition is introduced to resolve seismic wave interactions with inclined surfaces. Simulations demonstrate that the model captures the dynamics of slope failure across mountain regions. Landslides predominantly localize in high-relief, steeply sloped zones proximal to ridge lines, irrespective of pulse type. However, multi-pulse ground motions amplify landslide volumes compared to non-pulse and single-pulse excitations. Furthermore, the predominant failure frequency is found to depend on both the resonance characteristics and seismic signal morphology.