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<p> Heavy precipitation between 11 and 18 May 2022 triggered &gt; 5000 landslides across Dima Hasao district, Assam. These events severely damaged roadways and railway infrastructure, resulted in human casualties and large-scale socioeconomic loss, and disrupted human settlement. Understanding of hill-slope dynamic evolution remains a challenge that necessitates inputs from material properties, deformation behaviour, climatic parameters, and anthropogenic effects for the prediction of early warning systems. In this study, we have analyzed the rheological behaviour of the representative samples of the locations affected by landslides at different shear rates. We performed a series of analogue experiments with three different rheologically constrained samples. Results demonstrate grain size plays a key role in inducing different deformation patterns at hill-slope. The presence of coarser particles, for example, coarse sand (0.5–1&#xa0;mm) and rock fragments (2–4&#xa0;mm), lowers the bulk viscosity of the aggregates. We report that when the volumetric fraction of such coarse materials exceeds a threshold value, it results in a transformation from dominantly brittle-like deformation to rapid flow-like landslides, as observed in many landslide events in Haflong. Field observation also underlines the networks of rock layers with different mechanical strengths and geometric orientation of deformed planar rock fabric relative to the hill-slope direction, as key geological parameters, which act along with other factors. Analysis of land use land cover (LULC) changes highlights the conversion of vegetated and forest land into barren land, agriculture, and built-up classes. Such anthropogenic drivers also accelerate slope instability, triggering recurrent cluster landslides of severe magnitudes.</p>

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Interplay of rheology, deformation, and land use land cover in triggering cluster landslides: evidences from May 2022 landslides in Dima Hasao, Northeast India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月9日

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  • Rupam Sonowal,
  • Pallab Jyoti Hazarika,
  • Mukunda Saikia,
  • Vimha Ritse,
  • Nabajit Hazarika,
  • Amiya Baruah

摘要

Heavy precipitation between 11 and 18 May 2022 triggered > 5000 landslides across Dima Hasao district, Assam. These events severely damaged roadways and railway infrastructure, resulted in human casualties and large-scale socioeconomic loss, and disrupted human settlement. Understanding of hill-slope dynamic evolution remains a challenge that necessitates inputs from material properties, deformation behaviour, climatic parameters, and anthropogenic effects for the prediction of early warning systems. In this study, we have analyzed the rheological behaviour of the representative samples of the locations affected by landslides at different shear rates. We performed a series of analogue experiments with three different rheologically constrained samples. Results demonstrate grain size plays a key role in inducing different deformation patterns at hill-slope. The presence of coarser particles, for example, coarse sand (0.5–1 mm) and rock fragments (2–4 mm), lowers the bulk viscosity of the aggregates. We report that when the volumetric fraction of such coarse materials exceeds a threshold value, it results in a transformation from dominantly brittle-like deformation to rapid flow-like landslides, as observed in many landslide events in Haflong. Field observation also underlines the networks of rock layers with different mechanical strengths and geometric orientation of deformed planar rock fabric relative to the hill-slope direction, as key geological parameters, which act along with other factors. Analysis of land use land cover (LULC) changes highlights the conversion of vegetated and forest land into barren land, agriculture, and built-up classes. Such anthropogenic drivers also accelerate slope instability, triggering recurrent cluster landslides of severe magnitudes.