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<p>On April 9, 2000, a long-runout landslide with high-altitude (LHL) occurred in Zhamunong Valley, Yigong, Tibet, China. As a representative case, the LHL caused extensive erosion of substrate materials through both impact-driven and sliding-driven erosion during its movement. However, current qualitative analysis cannot adequately determine the erosion characteristics of the LHL. Therefore, it is necessary to take the Yigong LHL as a case study and conduct quantitative research on the erosion mechanisms based on geomorphic evidence. In this study, satellite imagery and topographic data were used to quantify the surface elevation change and gully characteristics. Field investigations were conducted to examine the bank collapse distribution within the erosional gully. In the upstream region, the impact path was identified based on the erosion depths and slope aspects. In the mid- to lower reach, the gully diversion caused by sliding-driven erosion was quantified using valley profiles. Specifically, 34 bank collapse areas were identified based on vegetation distribution, which may impact valley evolution. The results imply that: 1) Impact-driven erosion occurred near the upstream region because of the high-energy collision. By contrast, sliding-driven erosion occurred in the lower reaches, caused by the shear process of the LHL. 2) The LHL resulted in the development of a “bank collapse—vegetation reduction” feedback in the post-landslide valley, which continues to impact valley evolution. This study enhances understanding of the erosion caused by the LHL and aids hazard prevention in similar regions worldwide.</p>

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Two types of erosion caused by the 2000 Yigong long-runout landslide and their impact on the evolution of the Zhamunong Valley from a quantitative geomorphic perspective

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月11日

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  • Weichao Liu,
  • Sen Li,
  • Fawu Wang

摘要

On April 9, 2000, a long-runout landslide with high-altitude (LHL) occurred in Zhamunong Valley, Yigong, Tibet, China. As a representative case, the LHL caused extensive erosion of substrate materials through both impact-driven and sliding-driven erosion during its movement. However, current qualitative analysis cannot adequately determine the erosion characteristics of the LHL. Therefore, it is necessary to take the Yigong LHL as a case study and conduct quantitative research on the erosion mechanisms based on geomorphic evidence. In this study, satellite imagery and topographic data were used to quantify the surface elevation change and gully characteristics. Field investigations were conducted to examine the bank collapse distribution within the erosional gully. In the upstream region, the impact path was identified based on the erosion depths and slope aspects. In the mid- to lower reach, the gully diversion caused by sliding-driven erosion was quantified using valley profiles. Specifically, 34 bank collapse areas were identified based on vegetation distribution, which may impact valley evolution. The results imply that: 1) Impact-driven erosion occurred near the upstream region because of the high-energy collision. By contrast, sliding-driven erosion occurred in the lower reaches, caused by the shear process of the LHL. 2) The LHL resulted in the development of a “bank collapse—vegetation reduction” feedback in the post-landslide valley, which continues to impact valley evolution. This study enhances understanding of the erosion caused by the LHL and aids hazard prevention in similar regions worldwide.