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<p>Slow-moving reservoir landslides exhibit stepwise displacement with sporadic accelerations, governed by reciprocal rate-modulated evolution, a bidirectional interaction between slip zone shear strength and landslide motion. Exemplified by the Huangtupo landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) area, residual strength variations under saturated and natural moisture states were examined through reverse direct shear tests (RDSTs). Results demonstrate a positive rate effect within 0.005–0.1 mm/min, where residual strength increases nonlinearly with shear rate. SEM analysis reveals shear rate-dependent pore alignment, explaining the shear-thinning behavior and lower viscosity of natural-state soils compared to saturated counterparts. To simulate the stepwise and accelerated displacement of these landslides, which is driven by the reciprocal rate-dependent residual shear strength, a hydrological-adapted block (HAB) model was developed. It iteratively solves kinematic equilibrium equations to determine landslide displacement and stability status across different locations and timings, in response to dynamic reservoir water levels and rainfall. The HAB model accurately reproduces monitored step-like displacements over a hydrological year. The landslide’s displacement primarily responds to reservoir drawdown, while heavy rainfall (&gt; 91 mm/day) triggers localized accelerations. Notably, accelerated displacements enhanced slip zone soil’s strength, which in turn controls landslide movement. This bidirectional regulation between shear rate and slip zone soil strength persists throughout landslide evolution, resulting in overall stability that generally mirrors the trend of reservoir water levels, albeit with localized oscillations. This study facilitates comprehension of the reciprocal rate modulation of slow-moving reservoir landslides.</p>

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Reciprocal rate-modulated evolution of slow-moving reservoir landslide: learning from hydrological-adapted block model

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月15日

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  • Shu Zhang,
  • Qiang Li,
  • Huiming Tang,
  • Zongxing Zou,
  • Jianfan Zhao,
  • Jiefei Zhang,
  • Meiling Wu

摘要

Slow-moving reservoir landslides exhibit stepwise displacement with sporadic accelerations, governed by reciprocal rate-modulated evolution, a bidirectional interaction between slip zone shear strength and landslide motion. Exemplified by the Huangtupo landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) area, residual strength variations under saturated and natural moisture states were examined through reverse direct shear tests (RDSTs). Results demonstrate a positive rate effect within 0.005–0.1 mm/min, where residual strength increases nonlinearly with shear rate. SEM analysis reveals shear rate-dependent pore alignment, explaining the shear-thinning behavior and lower viscosity of natural-state soils compared to saturated counterparts. To simulate the stepwise and accelerated displacement of these landslides, which is driven by the reciprocal rate-dependent residual shear strength, a hydrological-adapted block (HAB) model was developed. It iteratively solves kinematic equilibrium equations to determine landslide displacement and stability status across different locations and timings, in response to dynamic reservoir water levels and rainfall. The HAB model accurately reproduces monitored step-like displacements over a hydrological year. The landslide’s displacement primarily responds to reservoir drawdown, while heavy rainfall (> 91 mm/day) triggers localized accelerations. Notably, accelerated displacements enhanced slip zone soil’s strength, which in turn controls landslide movement. This bidirectional regulation between shear rate and slip zone soil strength persists throughout landslide evolution, resulting in overall stability that generally mirrors the trend of reservoir water levels, albeit with localized oscillations. This study facilitates comprehension of the reciprocal rate modulation of slow-moving reservoir landslides.