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<p>For decades, the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method has made significant contributions to geotechnical engineering. However, addressing the nonlinearities introduced by free surfaces and discontinuities at overflow points has made applying DDA to geotechnical problems involving unconfined steady seepage a persistent challenge. In this study, we propose a free surface updating strategy within the framework of the hydro-mechanical coupled DDA (HMDDA) method to simulate unconfined seepage flow in discrete fracture networks. Then, two sets of validation examples are presented to verify the accuracy and correctness of the proposed method. Finally, the extended HMDDA method is applied to analyze the landslides accident occurred on the Meida Highway, China. The simulation results reveal that the rising water tables lead to sustained increases in seepage forces and weaken the embankment base and underlying strata. This triggers sliding deformation at the toe zone, ultimately causing the collapse of the upper fill material and resulting in catastrophic highway embankment failure. The observed failure patterns and spatial scales align closely with field investigation data, confirming that the extended HMDDA method demonstrates both computational efficiency and accuracy in free surface locating within discrete fracture networks. This successful application substantially expands the applicability of the DDA method to diverse geotechnical challenges involving unconfined steady-state seepage conditions.</p>

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Extension on discontinuous deformation analysis for landslides under unconfined steady seepage flow

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月4日

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  • Siyu Peng,
  • Xibing Li,
  • Jingyao Gao,
  • Hongyun Fan,
  • Changze Li

摘要

For decades, the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method has made significant contributions to geotechnical engineering. However, addressing the nonlinearities introduced by free surfaces and discontinuities at overflow points has made applying DDA to geotechnical problems involving unconfined steady seepage a persistent challenge. In this study, we propose a free surface updating strategy within the framework of the hydro-mechanical coupled DDA (HMDDA) method to simulate unconfined seepage flow in discrete fracture networks. Then, two sets of validation examples are presented to verify the accuracy and correctness of the proposed method. Finally, the extended HMDDA method is applied to analyze the landslides accident occurred on the Meida Highway, China. The simulation results reveal that the rising water tables lead to sustained increases in seepage forces and weaken the embankment base and underlying strata. This triggers sliding deformation at the toe zone, ultimately causing the collapse of the upper fill material and resulting in catastrophic highway embankment failure. The observed failure patterns and spatial scales align closely with field investigation data, confirming that the extended HMDDA method demonstrates both computational efficiency and accuracy in free surface locating within discrete fracture networks. This successful application substantially expands the applicability of the DDA method to diverse geotechnical challenges involving unconfined steady-state seepage conditions.