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<p>In October and November 2018, two substantial landslides, with a combined volume of 3050 × 10<sup>4</sup> m<sup>3</sup>, collectively known as the Baige landslide, occurred on a fractured slope consisting of gneiss, schist, and slate along the western boundary of the “Jinsha River Suture Zone” in China (98°41′52.05″ E, 31°4′30.86″ N). To explain the initiation mechanism of the Baige landslide under the influence of geology, geomorphology, and tectonics, this study employed a multidisciplinary approach that incorporated field investigations, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and microscopic rock analysis. The findings revealed that the average Geological Strength Index (GSI) along the landslide boundary was 19; only 64% of the average GSI outside and 86% of the GSI within the landslide area. Widespread shear, tensile fractures, and flexural folds related to rock creep were observed in the landslide zone. Additionally, linear concave landforms parallel to the slope at the hilltop confirmed deep-seated gravitational deformation. Two inclined faults extending along the boundary were the primary contributors to the landslide initiation. These faults not only induce fragmentation and creep of the rock mass but also act as permeable layers, intensifying the infiltration capacity of groundwater at the boundary. These unique geological and hydrogeological structures have rendered the landslide mass highly unstable. This study highlights the role of faults in constraining deep-seated landslides. This highlights specific slope landforms associated with gravitational deformation as valuable geomorphic indicators for identifying landslides on fractured slopes constrained by faults.</p>

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Geological and geomorphological study of a fault constrained deep-seated landslide in fragmented metamorphic rocks

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月29日

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  • Tao Jiang,
  • Shenghua Cui,
  • Ling Zhu,
  • Jin Lei,
  • Xiangjun Pei,
  • Mengjie Yang,
  • Huilin Le

摘要

In October and November 2018, two substantial landslides, with a combined volume of 3050 × 104 m3, collectively known as the Baige landslide, occurred on a fractured slope consisting of gneiss, schist, and slate along the western boundary of the “Jinsha River Suture Zone” in China (98°41′52.05″ E, 31°4′30.86″ N). To explain the initiation mechanism of the Baige landslide under the influence of geology, geomorphology, and tectonics, this study employed a multidisciplinary approach that incorporated field investigations, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and microscopic rock analysis. The findings revealed that the average Geological Strength Index (GSI) along the landslide boundary was 19; only 64% of the average GSI outside and 86% of the GSI within the landslide area. Widespread shear, tensile fractures, and flexural folds related to rock creep were observed in the landslide zone. Additionally, linear concave landforms parallel to the slope at the hilltop confirmed deep-seated gravitational deformation. Two inclined faults extending along the boundary were the primary contributors to the landslide initiation. These faults not only induce fragmentation and creep of the rock mass but also act as permeable layers, intensifying the infiltration capacity of groundwater at the boundary. These unique geological and hydrogeological structures have rendered the landslide mass highly unstable. This study highlights the role of faults in constraining deep-seated landslides. This highlights specific slope landforms associated with gravitational deformation as valuable geomorphic indicators for identifying landslides on fractured slopes constrained by faults.