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<p>On January 22, 2024, a rock avalanche disaster occurred in Liangshui Village, Zhenxiong County, resulting in the deaths of 48 villagers. The rock avalanche traveled a distance of 450&#xa0;m, ultimately forming a deposit with a volume of approximately 15.6 × 10<sup>4</sup> m<sup>3</sup>. After the landslide occurred, detailed field investigations determined the basic characteristics of the landslide. Combined with laboratory tests and strength calculations, the landslide’s instability mechanism was analyzed. Additionally, PFC<sup>3D</sup> numerical simulation was used to reproduce the landslide’s motion and energy evolution process. Based on the landslide’s motion and deposition characteristics, the landslide was divided into the initiation zone, the entrainment zone, and the deposition zone. The internal factors contributing to the Liangshui Village landslide were the steep slope in the initiation zone, weathered and fractured rock mass, and well-developed joints. On the other hand, the external factors were snow and ice melt water and pre-existing deformation. The infiltration of snow and ice melt water into the slope, softening the mudstone and reducing shear strength, caused the slope to undergo slight deformation. This study provides valuable insights into the evolution of landslides under winter freeze–thaw conditions.</p>

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Failure mechanism of ice and snow melting–induced rock avalanche: a case study of rock avalanche in Liangshui Village, Zhenxiong County, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月23日

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  • Guang Zheng,
  • Xinwu Li,
  • Jinning Yang,
  • Zhongyi Yu,
  • Mingyu Zhang,
  • Qi Liu,
  • Jun Chen,
  • Zhendong Liu

摘要

On January 22, 2024, a rock avalanche disaster occurred in Liangshui Village, Zhenxiong County, resulting in the deaths of 48 villagers. The rock avalanche traveled a distance of 450 m, ultimately forming a deposit with a volume of approximately 15.6 × 104 m3. After the landslide occurred, detailed field investigations determined the basic characteristics of the landslide. Combined with laboratory tests and strength calculations, the landslide’s instability mechanism was analyzed. Additionally, PFC3D numerical simulation was used to reproduce the landslide’s motion and energy evolution process. Based on the landslide’s motion and deposition characteristics, the landslide was divided into the initiation zone, the entrainment zone, and the deposition zone. The internal factors contributing to the Liangshui Village landslide were the steep slope in the initiation zone, weathered and fractured rock mass, and well-developed joints. On the other hand, the external factors were snow and ice melt water and pre-existing deformation. The infiltration of snow and ice melt water into the slope, softening the mudstone and reducing shear strength, caused the slope to undergo slight deformation. This study provides valuable insights into the evolution of landslides under winter freeze–thaw conditions.