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<p>This study investigates the deformation mechanisms and tsunami risk of the Shenjiagou (SJG) slope in the Baihetan Reservoir in southwestern China. The analysis integrates engineering geological investigations, field monitoring, geotechnical testing, and numerical simulations. The results of the Granger causality test indicate that the deformation of the pre-reinforcement SJG slope is characterized as a traction landslide primarily induced by reservoir impoundment. This process has been shown to significantly accelerate deformation by reducing sliding resistance, elevating pore water pressure, and reducing effective stress within the slope material. Rainfall-induced infiltration has been demonstrated to exacerbate instability, particularly in the higher elevation segments of the slope. The mechanical properties of the sliding zone soil are significantly weaker than those of the cover soil. Additionally, the strongly weathered phyllite bedrock, with its low strength and water softening property, plays a pivotal role in increasing the slope’s instability. Reinforcement measures including anti-slip piles, prestressed anchor cables, and toe protection, significantly improved slope stability. At monitoring point T1, the average displacement rate decreased from 28.548&#xa0;mm/day before reinforcement to an average of 0.579&#xa0;mm/day during the post-reinforcement period up to December 31, 2023, and further stabilized at 0.038&#xa0;mm/day after January 1, 2024. However, risks persist under extreme conditions, such as the combined effects of 825&#xa0;m asl reservoir level and earthquakes, which could trigger a landslide-tsunami event. The tsunami could impact three residential areas near the SJG slope, potentially causing house inundation and drowning. Therefore, the secondary threat of the landslide-tsunami should be incorporated into earthquake emergency response strategies for this region. The research advances understanding of reservoir-induced slope instability and provides essential insights for mitigating risks in hydroelectric reservoirs worldwide.</p>

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Deformation characteristics, mechanisms, and potential tsunami assessment of the Shenjiagou slope in the Baihetan Reservoir, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月30日

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  • Qingxin Zhao,
  • Jianrong Xu,
  • Weijiang Chu,
  • Ming Peng

摘要

This study investigates the deformation mechanisms and tsunami risk of the Shenjiagou (SJG) slope in the Baihetan Reservoir in southwestern China. The analysis integrates engineering geological investigations, field monitoring, geotechnical testing, and numerical simulations. The results of the Granger causality test indicate that the deformation of the pre-reinforcement SJG slope is characterized as a traction landslide primarily induced by reservoir impoundment. This process has been shown to significantly accelerate deformation by reducing sliding resistance, elevating pore water pressure, and reducing effective stress within the slope material. Rainfall-induced infiltration has been demonstrated to exacerbate instability, particularly in the higher elevation segments of the slope. The mechanical properties of the sliding zone soil are significantly weaker than those of the cover soil. Additionally, the strongly weathered phyllite bedrock, with its low strength and water softening property, plays a pivotal role in increasing the slope’s instability. Reinforcement measures including anti-slip piles, prestressed anchor cables, and toe protection, significantly improved slope stability. At monitoring point T1, the average displacement rate decreased from 28.548 mm/day before reinforcement to an average of 0.579 mm/day during the post-reinforcement period up to December 31, 2023, and further stabilized at 0.038 mm/day after January 1, 2024. However, risks persist under extreme conditions, such as the combined effects of 825 m asl reservoir level and earthquakes, which could trigger a landslide-tsunami event. The tsunami could impact three residential areas near the SJG slope, potentially causing house inundation and drowning. Therefore, the secondary threat of the landslide-tsunami should be incorporated into earthquake emergency response strategies for this region. The research advances understanding of reservoir-induced slope instability and provides essential insights for mitigating risks in hydroelectric reservoirs worldwide.