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<p>On August 5, 2020, during the third phase of water filling at the Wudongde Reservoir, the Hemenkou (HMK) landslide, an old landslide in Huili County, Sichuan province, was reactivated and underwent continual deformation due to rainfall and water fluctuations in the reservoir. In this study, the temporal and spatial deformation characteristics of the HMK landslide were analyzed by employing multisource data, including satellite imagery, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images, Sentinel-2A data, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data, GNSS-based interferometric bistatic synthetic aperture radar (GNSS-InBSAR) data, reservoir-level data, inclinometer-derived data, and rainfall intensity data. Additionally, wavelet coherence (WTC) was employed in this study to investigate the correlations among time-series data of the reservoir water level, rainfall, and landslide displacement. The multisource data indicate that large-scale deformation up to 19&#xa0;m occurred in Zone II under rainfall and reservoir variations. Relatively slight deformation of tens of millimeters occurred in Zone I. During the third phase of water filling, the rising water level increased the pore water pressure, leading to a reduction in the effective stress and subsequent landslide deformation. As the reservoir level varied from 945 to 963&#xa0;m, incomplete pore water pressure dissipation during drawdown disrupted slope equilibrium, inducing further deformation and crack development, which enhanced rainfall infiltration and sustained instability.</p>

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Temporal and spatial evolution of a large-scale landslide reactivated by the impoundment of the Wudongde Reservoir based on multisource data

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月10日

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  • Xin Deng,
  • Junwei Ma,
  • Guangcheng Zhang,
  • Xin He,
  • Shu Jiang,
  • Yizhe Li,
  • Guanghui Zeng,
  • Dongze Lei

摘要

On August 5, 2020, during the third phase of water filling at the Wudongde Reservoir, the Hemenkou (HMK) landslide, an old landslide in Huili County, Sichuan province, was reactivated and underwent continual deformation due to rainfall and water fluctuations in the reservoir. In this study, the temporal and spatial deformation characteristics of the HMK landslide were analyzed by employing multisource data, including satellite imagery, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images, Sentinel-2A data, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data, GNSS-based interferometric bistatic synthetic aperture radar (GNSS-InBSAR) data, reservoir-level data, inclinometer-derived data, and rainfall intensity data. Additionally, wavelet coherence (WTC) was employed in this study to investigate the correlations among time-series data of the reservoir water level, rainfall, and landslide displacement. The multisource data indicate that large-scale deformation up to 19 m occurred in Zone II under rainfall and reservoir variations. Relatively slight deformation of tens of millimeters occurred in Zone I. During the third phase of water filling, the rising water level increased the pore water pressure, leading to a reduction in the effective stress and subsequent landslide deformation. As the reservoir level varied from 945 to 963 m, incomplete pore water pressure dissipation during drawdown disrupted slope equilibrium, inducing further deformation and crack development, which enhanced rainfall infiltration and sustained instability.