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<p>Landslides often occur unexpectedly in unexpected locations and can cause significant human casualties and property losses. Although landslides are less common in winter, a catastrophic landslide occurred in Liangshui Village, Zhenxiong County, Yunnan Province, China, on January 22, 2024, at 5:51 am, resulting in the burial of 18 houses and the death of 44 people. In this study, the basic characteristics, deformation and failure mechanisms, and motion processes of the landslide were analyzed based on field investigations, drone aerial surveys, laboratory tests, and numerical simulations. The results indicate that the Liangshuicun landslide is a smaller-scale landslide within the category of medium-sized landslides, with a total volume of approximately 119,000 m<sup>3</sup>. The rear part of the landslide formed a catchment area, where groundwater infiltrated directly into the lower part of the landslide provenance zone. The lower part of the provenance zone, consisting of mudstone acting as an aquitard, facilitated the accumulation of groundwater, creating a water-rich zone that provided favorable conditions for the development of the landslide. The sliding mass is composed of siltstone and mudstone interbeds of Feixianguan Formation of Triassic. The strength along the bedding planes is low, and the strength deteriorates significantly after being subjected to water action. The lithological conditions in the area provided favorable conditions for the development of the landslide. The occurrence of the landslide coincided with the phase of nocturnal temperature decline when the provenance zone might have experienced the greatest frost heave forces. The low-temperature in freeze–thaw process provided conditions for the shear failure of the provenance zone. During the initiation of the landslide, the superficial rock mass in the provenance zone and the scraping sliding zone exhibited much higher sliding velocities compared to the lower regions, indicating a slower material initiation, higher sliding velocity, and shorter duration in the rear part, while the front edge experienced rapid initiation and a longer duration of movement. The findings of this study provide insights into the evolutionary mechanisms of landslides occurring in winter.</p>

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A medium-sized landslide leads to a large disaster in Zhenxiong, Yunnan, China: characteristics, mechanism and motion process

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月27日

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  • Tao Wen,
  • Ningsheng Chen,
  • Dexin Huang,
  • Yankun Wang

摘要

Landslides often occur unexpectedly in unexpected locations and can cause significant human casualties and property losses. Although landslides are less common in winter, a catastrophic landslide occurred in Liangshui Village, Zhenxiong County, Yunnan Province, China, on January 22, 2024, at 5:51 am, resulting in the burial of 18 houses and the death of 44 people. In this study, the basic characteristics, deformation and failure mechanisms, and motion processes of the landslide were analyzed based on field investigations, drone aerial surveys, laboratory tests, and numerical simulations. The results indicate that the Liangshuicun landslide is a smaller-scale landslide within the category of medium-sized landslides, with a total volume of approximately 119,000 m3. The rear part of the landslide formed a catchment area, where groundwater infiltrated directly into the lower part of the landslide provenance zone. The lower part of the provenance zone, consisting of mudstone acting as an aquitard, facilitated the accumulation of groundwater, creating a water-rich zone that provided favorable conditions for the development of the landslide. The sliding mass is composed of siltstone and mudstone interbeds of Feixianguan Formation of Triassic. The strength along the bedding planes is low, and the strength deteriorates significantly after being subjected to water action. The lithological conditions in the area provided favorable conditions for the development of the landslide. The occurrence of the landslide coincided with the phase of nocturnal temperature decline when the provenance zone might have experienced the greatest frost heave forces. The low-temperature in freeze–thaw process provided conditions for the shear failure of the provenance zone. During the initiation of the landslide, the superficial rock mass in the provenance zone and the scraping sliding zone exhibited much higher sliding velocities compared to the lower regions, indicating a slower material initiation, higher sliding velocity, and shorter duration in the rear part, while the front edge experienced rapid initiation and a longer duration of movement. The findings of this study provide insights into the evolutionary mechanisms of landslides occurring in winter.