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<p>Rockfall hazards are both severe and unpredictable in the Tibet region of China, known for its active neotectonic movements and frequent earthquakes. The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) survey was used to collect structural plane and terrain data, while kinematic analysis (KA) was used to identify the rockfall source. Building on the rockfall source and terrain parameters obtained from UAV and KA data and considering the initial velocity induced by the earthquake, ten simulated rockfall scenarios were designed in this study. This approach quantitatively analyzed rockfall characteristics and risks, examining how different initial velocities (in terms of both magnitude and direction) affect rockfall behavior and jump heights. The results showed that the potential rock mass failures on the studied slope were dominated by wedge and planar failure types and the rockfalls with higher initial velocities showed greater kinetic energy and impact velocities. As depicted in Fig. 19, maximum energy was increased by 2488.4&#xa0;kJ (29%), and maximum velocity was increased to 59.21&#xa0;m/s (31%) with the change of initial velocity, while their jump heights were not affected significantly. And the greater initial velocities of rockfalls triggered longer traveling distances, such as the probability of a rockfall reaching Nujiang increases from 5.42 to 6% (46 rock) with the initial velocity from 0.06 to 0.518&#xa0;m/s in the X direction. In this study, the importance of the direction and initial velocity of rockfalls for improving their risk-predictive accuracy were highlighted, which is significant for the guidance of earthquake-induced rockfall prevention and control strategies.</p>

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3D rockfall trajectories analysis considering earthquake-induced initial velocities: a case study in Nujiang Bridge area, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月15日

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  • Tao Jiang,
  • Yufeng Wei,
  • Shenghua Cui,
  • Jianjun Zhao,
  • Mengjie Yang,
  • Wenqi Cheng,
  • Decai Kong,
  • Jianxin Song

摘要

Rockfall hazards are both severe and unpredictable in the Tibet region of China, known for its active neotectonic movements and frequent earthquakes. The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) survey was used to collect structural plane and terrain data, while kinematic analysis (KA) was used to identify the rockfall source. Building on the rockfall source and terrain parameters obtained from UAV and KA data and considering the initial velocity induced by the earthquake, ten simulated rockfall scenarios were designed in this study. This approach quantitatively analyzed rockfall characteristics and risks, examining how different initial velocities (in terms of both magnitude and direction) affect rockfall behavior and jump heights. The results showed that the potential rock mass failures on the studied slope were dominated by wedge and planar failure types and the rockfalls with higher initial velocities showed greater kinetic energy and impact velocities. As depicted in Fig. 19, maximum energy was increased by 2488.4 kJ (29%), and maximum velocity was increased to 59.21 m/s (31%) with the change of initial velocity, while their jump heights were not affected significantly. And the greater initial velocities of rockfalls triggered longer traveling distances, such as the probability of a rockfall reaching Nujiang increases from 5.42 to 6% (46 rock) with the initial velocity from 0.06 to 0.518 m/s in the X direction. In this study, the importance of the direction and initial velocity of rockfalls for improving their risk-predictive accuracy were highlighted, which is significant for the guidance of earthquake-induced rockfall prevention and control strategies.