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<p>Salinity stress is a&#xa0;major limiting factor for wheat germination and early seedling establishment, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. This study evaluated the effect of soil application of beet molasses (0.5 mL pot⁻<sup>1</sup>) on wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>&#xa0;L. cv. Masr&#xa0;6) grown under two salinity levels (4000 and 6000 mg&#xa0;L⁻<sup>1</sup>), corresponding to 6.25 and 9.38 dS&#xa0;m⁻<sup>1</sup>, using a&#xa0;completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates. Results showed that salinity stress significantly reduced germination percentage, germination capacity, germination index, mean daily germination, and seedling vigor index, along with marked declines in plant height, leaf number, total leaf area, chlorophyll&#xa0;a and&#xa0;b, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, net photosynthesis, and macronutrient (N,&#xa0;P, and K)&#xa0;contents. In contrast, molasses application substantially alleviated these inhibitory effects, leading to improved germination performance, enhanced seedling growth, increased chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, and restored physiological functions including gas exchange and water relations. Additionally, molasses-treated plants exhibited higher relative water content and moderated proline accumulation, indicating improved osmotic adjustment under stress conditions. The positive effects were associated with improved nutrient availability and enhanced soil–plant interactions. Overall, beet molasses proved to be an effective, low-cost, and sustainable soil amendment for improving wheat tolerance to salinity during germination and early growth stages.</p>

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Effect of Beet Molasses Application On Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Germination and Seedling Growth Under Salinity Stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月16日

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  • Hossam S. El-Beltagi,
  • Mohamed Fathi El-Nady,
  • Adel A. Rezk,
  • Metwaly Mahfouz Salem Metwaly,
  • Hosny H. Kesba,
  • Rania Anwar Khedr,
  • Mohamed M. El-Mogy,
  • Elsayed Abd Elmaksoud Abomarzokae,
  • Wael Elmenofy,
  • Khloud Ali Hamza

摘要

Salinity stress is a major limiting factor for wheat germination and early seedling establishment, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. This study evaluated the effect of soil application of beet molasses (0.5 mL pot⁻1) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Masr 6) grown under two salinity levels (4000 and 6000 mg L⁻1), corresponding to 6.25 and 9.38 dS m⁻1, using a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates. Results showed that salinity stress significantly reduced germination percentage, germination capacity, germination index, mean daily germination, and seedling vigor index, along with marked declines in plant height, leaf number, total leaf area, chlorophyll a and b, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, net photosynthesis, and macronutrient (N, P, and K) contents. In contrast, molasses application substantially alleviated these inhibitory effects, leading to improved germination performance, enhanced seedling growth, increased chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, and restored physiological functions including gas exchange and water relations. Additionally, molasses-treated plants exhibited higher relative water content and moderated proline accumulation, indicating improved osmotic adjustment under stress conditions. The positive effects were associated with improved nutrient availability and enhanced soil–plant interactions. Overall, beet molasses proved to be an effective, low-cost, and sustainable soil amendment for improving wheat tolerance to salinity during germination and early growth stages.