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<p>Whitefly (<i>Bemisia tabaci</i>) poses a&#xa0;serious threat to cotton production by causing yield losses through feeding damage and virus transmission, with rising insecticide resistance highlighting the need for resistant genotypes and sustainable pest management. This study investigates the morphological and biochemical responses of two cotton genotypes, <i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> (LH2107) and <i>G.&#xa0;arboreum</i> (LD491), to <i>B.&#xa0;tabaci</i> Asia II‑1 infestation. Morphological traits were examined using scanning electron microscopy, while biochemical responses were assessed through standard assays for phenolics, lignin, gossypol, and associated enzyme activities. Morphological analysis showed that infested leaves of LD491 had a&#xa0;higher trichome density (1.5- and 6.6-fold) than LH2107 at threshold and peak stages of infestation, respectively, which was associated with its greater tolerance to <i>B.&#xa0;tabaci</i> herbivory. The infested leaves of both genotypes exhibited increase in photosynthetic pigment contents as compared to their respective controls. Biochemical analysis revealed that infested plants of LD491 had higher levels of phenolic compounds and their associated enzymes compared to LH2107. Factorial ANOVA showed that stage (ηp<sup>2</sup> &gt; 0.9) and genotype (ηp<sup>2</sup> up to&#xa0;0.8) strongly influenced pigments, metabolites, and enzymes, with genotype × treatment interactions significantly modulating defense responses (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). A&#xa0;positive correlation (r = 0.422, 0.438, 0.464) was observed among phenolics, lignin, and gossypol, suggesting their association with tolerance mechanisms against <i>B.&#xa0;tabaci</i>. PCA (64.4% variance) further separated pigment traits (chlorophylls, carotenoids) from stress markers (PPO, LOX, phenolics), revealing distinct genotype- and treatment-specific defense signatures. Collectively, these findings identify key metabolites and enzymes as potential biomarkers of cotton defense, offering insights for breeding pest-resistant varieties and advancing sustainable pest management.</p>

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Morphological Traits and Secondary Metabolites Associated with Cotton Tolerance to Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月14日

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  • Prabhjot Singla,
  • Anju Sharma,
  • Rimaljeet Kaur,
  • Sunidhi,
  • Sucheta Sharma,
  • Satnam Singh,
  • Suneet Pandher

摘要

Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) poses a serious threat to cotton production by causing yield losses through feeding damage and virus transmission, with rising insecticide resistance highlighting the need for resistant genotypes and sustainable pest management. This study investigates the morphological and biochemical responses of two cotton genotypes, Gossypium hirsutum (LH2107) and G. arboreum (LD491), to B. tabaci Asia II‑1 infestation. Morphological traits were examined using scanning electron microscopy, while biochemical responses were assessed through standard assays for phenolics, lignin, gossypol, and associated enzyme activities. Morphological analysis showed that infested leaves of LD491 had a higher trichome density (1.5- and 6.6-fold) than LH2107 at threshold and peak stages of infestation, respectively, which was associated with its greater tolerance to B. tabaci herbivory. The infested leaves of both genotypes exhibited increase in photosynthetic pigment contents as compared to their respective controls. Biochemical analysis revealed that infested plants of LD491 had higher levels of phenolic compounds and their associated enzymes compared to LH2107. Factorial ANOVA showed that stage (ηp2 > 0.9) and genotype (ηp2 up to 0.8) strongly influenced pigments, metabolites, and enzymes, with genotype × treatment interactions significantly modulating defense responses (P ≤ 0.05). A positive correlation (r = 0.422, 0.438, 0.464) was observed among phenolics, lignin, and gossypol, suggesting their association with tolerance mechanisms against B. tabaci. PCA (64.4% variance) further separated pigment traits (chlorophylls, carotenoids) from stress markers (PPO, LOX, phenolics), revealing distinct genotype- and treatment-specific defense signatures. Collectively, these findings identify key metabolites and enzymes as potential biomarkers of cotton defense, offering insights for breeding pest-resistant varieties and advancing sustainable pest management.