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<p>Secretory Carrier Membrane Proteins (SCAMPs) are conserved components of intracellular membrane trafficking; however, their specific roles in perennial fruit crops and responses to mechanical injury remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, we conducted a&#xa0;genome-wide identification and characterization of the <i>SCAMP</i> gene family in apple (<i>Malus domestica</i>), identifying six <i>MdSCAMP</i> members distributed across the genome. Phylogenetic, structural, and promoter analyses indicated that <i>MdSCAMP</i> genes are evolutionarily conserved and possess <i>cis</i>-regulatory elements associated with stress- and hormone-responsive pathways. To investigate their function under mechanical stress, we integrated molecular analyses with a&#xa0;field experiment evaluating the effects of simulated hail damage and post-hail foliar applications of amino acids and the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (<i>Aeromonas hydrophila iehthiosmia </i>AE425) on ‘Golden Delicious’ apple trees. Hail injury significantly reduced fruit size, weight, and soluble solids, while post-hail biological treatments supported physiological activity but did not fully compensate for early growth losses. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the <i>MdSCAMP</i> genes, particularly <i>MdSCAMP5</i>, were significantly downregulated in response to simulated hail damage. This repression suggests that mechanical injury may disrupt standard membrane trafficking processes, potentially redirecting cellular energy toward repair rather than de novo transcription. Although post-hail applications of amino acids and PGPR provided partial physiological support, they did not fully restore <i>MdSCAMP</i> expression levels or compensate for fruit growth losses. Overall, these findings provide novel insights into the transcriptional reprogramming of the <i>SCAMP</i> gene family under physical stress and positioning MdSCAMP5 as a&#xa0;promising candidate for genetic improvement of mechanical stress resilience in perennial fruit systems.</p>

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Genome-Wide Identification of the SCAMP Gene Family in Apple and Their Expression Response to Simulated Hail and Post-Hail Treatments with Amino Acid and PGPR

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月25日

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  • Mustafa Koparan,
  • Ali Kiyak,
  • Selman Uluisik,
  • Ersin Atay

摘要

Secretory Carrier Membrane Proteins (SCAMPs) are conserved components of intracellular membrane trafficking; however, their specific roles in perennial fruit crops and responses to mechanical injury remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide identification and characterization of the SCAMP gene family in apple (Malus domestica), identifying six MdSCAMP members distributed across the genome. Phylogenetic, structural, and promoter analyses indicated that MdSCAMP genes are evolutionarily conserved and possess cis-regulatory elements associated with stress- and hormone-responsive pathways. To investigate their function under mechanical stress, we integrated molecular analyses with a field experiment evaluating the effects of simulated hail damage and post-hail foliar applications of amino acids and the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (Aeromonas hydrophila iehthiosmia AE425) on ‘Golden Delicious’ apple trees. Hail injury significantly reduced fruit size, weight, and soluble solids, while post-hail biological treatments supported physiological activity but did not fully compensate for early growth losses. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the MdSCAMP genes, particularly MdSCAMP5, were significantly downregulated in response to simulated hail damage. This repression suggests that mechanical injury may disrupt standard membrane trafficking processes, potentially redirecting cellular energy toward repair rather than de novo transcription. Although post-hail applications of amino acids and PGPR provided partial physiological support, they did not fully restore MdSCAMP expression levels or compensate for fruit growth losses. Overall, these findings provide novel insights into the transcriptional reprogramming of the SCAMP gene family under physical stress and positioning MdSCAMP5 as a promising candidate for genetic improvement of mechanical stress resilience in perennial fruit systems.