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<p>This study quantifies the demographic characteristics of <i>Spodoptera litura</i> Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>&#xa0;L.) under precisely controlled conditions to generate a&#xa0;stage-differentiated age-specific life table. Clear estimates of mortality, fecundity, survivorship, and reproductive potential were obtained to strengthen ecological interpretation of this pest in solanaceous ecosystems. Peak fecundity occurred on day&#xa0;39, with a&#xa0;maximum age-specific progeny output (mx) of 340.12 offspring. The net reproductive rate (Ro) reached 834.88 females per female per generation, supported by a&#xa0;mean generation time (Tc) of 38.77 days, demonstrating the species’ high reproductive efficiency on tomato foliage. Mortality analysis revealed third-instar larvae as the most vulnerable stage (38.48%), highlighting a&#xa0;critical intervention point for integrated pest management. The stable age distribution was dominated by eggs (51.81%) and larvae (45.55%), while pupae (2.31%) and adults (0.39%) contributed minimally, indicating strong early-stage population loading. Major biological mortality factors included sterility, hatching failure, parasitism, cannibalism, microbial infections, and developmental deformities across pupal and adult stages. This research provides one of the most detailed laboratory-based demographic datasets for <i>S.&#xa0;litura</i> on tomato, offering novel insights into stage-specific vulnerabilities and population growth drivers. The findings support the development of targeted, ecologically sustainable management strategies and strengthen predictive frameworks for pest outbreaks in tomato-growing regions.</p>

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Vital Demographic Parameters of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Tomato Fields: A Complete Egg-to-Adult Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月5日

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  • Koushik Garai

摘要

This study quantifies the demographic characteristics of Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under precisely controlled conditions to generate a stage-differentiated age-specific life table. Clear estimates of mortality, fecundity, survivorship, and reproductive potential were obtained to strengthen ecological interpretation of this pest in solanaceous ecosystems. Peak fecundity occurred on day 39, with a maximum age-specific progeny output (mx) of 340.12 offspring. The net reproductive rate (Ro) reached 834.88 females per female per generation, supported by a mean generation time (Tc) of 38.77 days, demonstrating the species’ high reproductive efficiency on tomato foliage. Mortality analysis revealed third-instar larvae as the most vulnerable stage (38.48%), highlighting a critical intervention point for integrated pest management. The stable age distribution was dominated by eggs (51.81%) and larvae (45.55%), while pupae (2.31%) and adults (0.39%) contributed minimally, indicating strong early-stage population loading. Major biological mortality factors included sterility, hatching failure, parasitism, cannibalism, microbial infections, and developmental deformities across pupal and adult stages. This research provides one of the most detailed laboratory-based demographic datasets for S. litura on tomato, offering novel insights into stage-specific vulnerabilities and population growth drivers. The findings support the development of targeted, ecologically sustainable management strategies and strengthen predictive frameworks for pest outbreaks in tomato-growing regions.