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<p>Several biotic/abiotic stresses adversely impact seed, seedling vigor, hindering seedling establishment, disrupting plant distribution patterns, and ultimately reducing crop yield. To mitigate these challenges, researchers have explored a&#xa0;novel category of agrochemicals known as plant defence activators (PDAs), which offer a&#xa0;safer, eco-friendly, and sustainable solution for enhancing agricultural productivity. PDAs stimulate plants’ innate defence mechanisms, offering an eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides. Derived from both natural and synthetic sources, PDAs trigger various defensive responses, including antimicrobial production, cell wall reinforcement, activation of defence-related genes, and induction of Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) or Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR). Plant defence activators, including SA (salicylic acid), JA (jasmonic acid), and BABA (β-amino butyric acid) modulate plant responses through complex signaling pathways enabling recognisation of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and activation of tailored defences against biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. SA enhances stress tolerance, regulates gene expression, and initiates SAR by activating pathogenesis-related proteins and predominantly counters biotrophs. JA governs processes like nutrient uptake, senescence, and stress tolerance, playing a&#xa0;crucial role in ISR and combat necrotrophs, often working synergistically with ethylene (ET). BABA primes plants for stress resilience, improving photosynthesis, antioxidant activity, and post-harvest quality. Through intricate cross-talk, SA, JA, and BABA fine-tune plant defence responses, offering a&#xa0;sustainable strategy to enhance immunity, productivity, and stress resilience while minimizing environmental impact.</p>

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Multiple Functions of Plant Defense Activators: Implications for Bolstering Plant Growth Promotion and Crop Protection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月10日

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  • Arushi Padiyal,
  • Narender K. Bharat,
  • R. K. Behl,
  • Kuldeep Kumar,
  • Jagdeep Singh

摘要

Several biotic/abiotic stresses adversely impact seed, seedling vigor, hindering seedling establishment, disrupting plant distribution patterns, and ultimately reducing crop yield. To mitigate these challenges, researchers have explored a novel category of agrochemicals known as plant defence activators (PDAs), which offer a safer, eco-friendly, and sustainable solution for enhancing agricultural productivity. PDAs stimulate plants’ innate defence mechanisms, offering an eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides. Derived from both natural and synthetic sources, PDAs trigger various defensive responses, including antimicrobial production, cell wall reinforcement, activation of defence-related genes, and induction of Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) or Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR). Plant defence activators, including SA (salicylic acid), JA (jasmonic acid), and BABA (β-amino butyric acid) modulate plant responses through complex signaling pathways enabling recognisation of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and activation of tailored defences against biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. SA enhances stress tolerance, regulates gene expression, and initiates SAR by activating pathogenesis-related proteins and predominantly counters biotrophs. JA governs processes like nutrient uptake, senescence, and stress tolerance, playing a crucial role in ISR and combat necrotrophs, often working synergistically with ethylene (ET). BABA primes plants for stress resilience, improving photosynthesis, antioxidant activity, and post-harvest quality. Through intricate cross-talk, SA, JA, and BABA fine-tune plant defence responses, offering a sustainable strategy to enhance immunity, productivity, and stress resilience while minimizing environmental impact.