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<p>Chemical fungicides have long been relied upon for controlling economically significant diseases of safflower, including Macrophomina root rot and Fusarium wilt. However, concerns regarding environmental impact and resistance development necessitate the exploration of sustainable alternatives. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of biopolymer-based <i>Trichoderma</i> as a&#xa0;novel approach to minimize chemical fungicide usage while effectively addressing biotic stresses. We have conducted <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> evaluations to assess the inhibition of pathogens by various fungicides. Likewise, we screened different <i>Trichoderma</i> isolates to identify the most effective strain for use in greenhouse pot tests and field experiments. Subsequently, four fungicides along with biopolymer-based <i>Trichoderma</i>, were subjected to on-station and multi-location field trials in India. The benefit-to-cost (B:&#xa0;C) ratio was used as an economic indicator, with diverse AICRP centers offering regional insights. In Parbhani, Maharashtra, biopolymer-based <i>Trichoderma</i> recorded the highest B:&#xa0;C ratio (3.03), outperforming other fungicide treatments. Similarly, in Tandur, Telangana, both biopolymer-based <i>Trichoderma</i> and penflufen + trifloxystrobin showed a&#xa0;B:&#xa0;C ratio of 4.77. Trials in Solapur, Maharashtra, and IIOR, Hyderabad, Telangana, demonstrated comparable results, with biopolymer-based <i>Trichoderma</i> achieving B:&#xa0;C ratios of 2.55 and 2.02, while penflufen + trifloxystrobin recorded 2.76 and 2.05. These findings highlight the economic viability of biopolymer-based <i>Trichoderma</i> across regions. Overall, our findings underscore the potential of biopolymer-based <i>Trichoderma</i> as a&#xa0;sustainable alternative to chemical fungicides for soil borne diseases management in safflower crop.</p>

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Efficacy and Economic Viability of Biopolymer-Based Trichoderma as a Sustainable Alternative to Emerging Fungicides for Managing Safflower Soil-Borne Diseases

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月10日

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  • P. Surendra,
  • Suma Moka,
  • M. Kavya,
  • R. D. Prasad,
  • K. S. V. P. Chandrika,
  • D. Murumkar,
  • Reddy T. Rajeshwar,
  • N. Prabhavathi,
  • C. V. Ambadkar,
  • L. Tandon Ashwarya

摘要

Chemical fungicides have long been relied upon for controlling economically significant diseases of safflower, including Macrophomina root rot and Fusarium wilt. However, concerns regarding environmental impact and resistance development necessitate the exploration of sustainable alternatives. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of biopolymer-based Trichoderma as a novel approach to minimize chemical fungicide usage while effectively addressing biotic stresses. We have conducted in vitro and in vivo evaluations to assess the inhibition of pathogens by various fungicides. Likewise, we screened different Trichoderma isolates to identify the most effective strain for use in greenhouse pot tests and field experiments. Subsequently, four fungicides along with biopolymer-based Trichoderma, were subjected to on-station and multi-location field trials in India. The benefit-to-cost (B: C) ratio was used as an economic indicator, with diverse AICRP centers offering regional insights. In Parbhani, Maharashtra, biopolymer-based Trichoderma recorded the highest B: C ratio (3.03), outperforming other fungicide treatments. Similarly, in Tandur, Telangana, both biopolymer-based Trichoderma and penflufen + trifloxystrobin showed a B: C ratio of 4.77. Trials in Solapur, Maharashtra, and IIOR, Hyderabad, Telangana, demonstrated comparable results, with biopolymer-based Trichoderma achieving B: C ratios of 2.55 and 2.02, while penflufen + trifloxystrobin recorded 2.76 and 2.05. These findings highlight the economic viability of biopolymer-based Trichoderma across regions. Overall, our findings underscore the potential of biopolymer-based Trichoderma as a sustainable alternative to chemical fungicides for soil borne diseases management in safflower crop.