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<p>Dispersed retention supports ecosystem functioning, forest continuity and biodiversity, highlighting the need for management strategies that promote long-term retention tree survival. We studied effects of tree- and stands-level variables on retention tree survival in coniferous and deciduous hemi-boreal forests. As tree mortality is driven by various factors, we evaluated their position (i.e., lying or standing) which indicates the root cause of mortality. In 344 clear-cut stands, we surveyed 4,442 retention trees of ten species. To explore the impact of variables, data were analysed by fitting Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs). Results showed that probability of survival varied among species. The highest probability of survival was observed in <i>Acer platanoides</i>, <i>Tilia cordata</i> and <i>Alnus glutinosa</i>, while the lowest was in <i>Betula pendula</i> and <i>Populus tremula</i>. Larger diameter significantly increased survival for <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> and <i>Betula pendula</i>. Increasing height-to-diameter ratio had a significant negative effect for survival of <i>Pinus sylvestris</i>, <i>Populus tremula</i>, <i>Alnus glutinosa</i> and <i>Betula pendula</i>. Site type was an important predictor of tree mortality. Trees retained on sand or sandy loam soil had higher mortality compared to loam, clay or binary soil. The forms of dead retention trees varied among species. Majority of <i>Quercus robur</i> and <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> dead trees remained standing, while most of <i>Tilia cordata</i> and <i>Populus tremula</i> formed lying deadwood. Besides the species identity, increasing tree height led to greater number of lying trees. Our results suggest that retention tree survival was strongly associated with species identity, tree size and site type.</p>

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Post-harvest retention tree mortality is driven by tree size, species, and site type in clear-cut hemi-boreal forests

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月4日

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  • Gediminas Brazaitis,
  • Indrė Ruškytė,
  • Gailenė Brazaitytė,
  • Loreta Bisikirskienė,
  • Anželika Dautartė,
  • Kšištof Godvod,
  • Jolanta Stankevičiūtė,
  • Jolita Abraitienė,
  • Vitas Marozas

摘要

Dispersed retention supports ecosystem functioning, forest continuity and biodiversity, highlighting the need for management strategies that promote long-term retention tree survival. We studied effects of tree- and stands-level variables on retention tree survival in coniferous and deciduous hemi-boreal forests. As tree mortality is driven by various factors, we evaluated their position (i.e., lying or standing) which indicates the root cause of mortality. In 344 clear-cut stands, we surveyed 4,442 retention trees of ten species. To explore the impact of variables, data were analysed by fitting Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs). Results showed that probability of survival varied among species. The highest probability of survival was observed in Acer platanoides, Tilia cordata and Alnus glutinosa, while the lowest was in Betula pendula and Populus tremula. Larger diameter significantly increased survival for Pinus sylvestris and Betula pendula. Increasing height-to-diameter ratio had a significant negative effect for survival of Pinus sylvestris, Populus tremula, Alnus glutinosa and Betula pendula. Site type was an important predictor of tree mortality. Trees retained on sand or sandy loam soil had higher mortality compared to loam, clay or binary soil. The forms of dead retention trees varied among species. Majority of Quercus robur and Pinus sylvestris dead trees remained standing, while most of Tilia cordata and Populus tremula formed lying deadwood. Besides the species identity, increasing tree height led to greater number of lying trees. Our results suggest that retention tree survival was strongly associated with species identity, tree size and site type.