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<p><i>Pinus sylvestris</i> supports both ecosystem stability and economic value in its native regions. Climate change disrupts the associated microbiome, altering pathogen distributions. This tree microbiome plays a key role in health and resilience, enhancing adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses; thus, identifying <i>P. sylvestris</i> genotypes resilient to these pressures of the biotic and abiotic stresses is crucial. This study examines the fungal microbiome in one year old needles from twelve <i>P. sylvestris</i> clones across eight seed orchards in Estonia, assessing whether orchard location and pine genotype (clone) shape fungal community diversity and composition. DNA was extracted from the needles of each tree in clone and amplified using PCR targeting the ITS1-5.8&#xa0;S-ITS2 regions. Sequencing yielded 516,837 high-quality ITS sequences and 918 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) at 98% species hypothesis level. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant phyla, with a significant proportion of pathogenic fungi. Clones 102, E44 and T20 exhibited the highest overall fungal alpha diversity and the lowest pathogen alpha diversity in one year old needles, suggesting that these may be potentially resilient genotypes for future forestry. Clones 168-1, 63, 519 harboured the highest pathogenic needle fungal alpha diversity, thus the suitability of these genotypes for future forestry needs to be tested and assessed using progeny trials. Fungal community composition showed similar trends across most sites and clones while ANOSIM and PERMANOVA confirmed a significant effect of location and genotype on fungal community composition. Overall fungal alpha diversity was similar in 9 out of 12 tree clones while pathogenic fungal alpha diversity was similar in 7 out of 12 clones located in different seed orchards. This suggests that pine clones may maintain specific fungal alpha diversity at different locations, indicating that genotype may have an effect on foliar mycobiome. The current work concludes that location influences the structure of the fungal mycobiome, and the pine genotype influences fungal alpha diversity.</p>

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Fungal diversity and composition in Pinus sylvestris needles are influenced by host genotype and seed orchard location

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月13日

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  • Carel Elizabeth Carvajal-Arias,
  • Kalev Adamson,
  • Ahto Agan,
  • Tiit Maaten,
  • Rein Drenkhan

摘要

Pinus sylvestris supports both ecosystem stability and economic value in its native regions. Climate change disrupts the associated microbiome, altering pathogen distributions. This tree microbiome plays a key role in health and resilience, enhancing adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses; thus, identifying P. sylvestris genotypes resilient to these pressures of the biotic and abiotic stresses is crucial. This study examines the fungal microbiome in one year old needles from twelve P. sylvestris clones across eight seed orchards in Estonia, assessing whether orchard location and pine genotype (clone) shape fungal community diversity and composition. DNA was extracted from the needles of each tree in clone and amplified using PCR targeting the ITS1-5.8 S-ITS2 regions. Sequencing yielded 516,837 high-quality ITS sequences and 918 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) at 98% species hypothesis level. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant phyla, with a significant proportion of pathogenic fungi. Clones 102, E44 and T20 exhibited the highest overall fungal alpha diversity and the lowest pathogen alpha diversity in one year old needles, suggesting that these may be potentially resilient genotypes for future forestry. Clones 168-1, 63, 519 harboured the highest pathogenic needle fungal alpha diversity, thus the suitability of these genotypes for future forestry needs to be tested and assessed using progeny trials. Fungal community composition showed similar trends across most sites and clones while ANOSIM and PERMANOVA confirmed a significant effect of location and genotype on fungal community composition. Overall fungal alpha diversity was similar in 9 out of 12 tree clones while pathogenic fungal alpha diversity was similar in 7 out of 12 clones located in different seed orchards. This suggests that pine clones may maintain specific fungal alpha diversity at different locations, indicating that genotype may have an effect on foliar mycobiome. The current work concludes that location influences the structure of the fungal mycobiome, and the pine genotype influences fungal alpha diversity.