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<p>Although it is evident that forest management needs to adapt to fast changing climate conditions, there are still many uncertainties about how European tree species will perform under predicted temperature increases and associated hydroclimatic extremes. Here, we present a dendrochronological network of 1934 trees from 46 sites across southwest Germany to assess the growth performance of Norway spruce and Scots pine between 100 and 820&#xa0;m asl under recent climatic changes. Growth comparisons including basal area increment (BAI) show that spruce (BAI<sub>avg</sub> = 15.4 cm<sup>2</sup> a<sup>− 1</sup>) grew twice than pine (BAI<sub>avg</sub> = 7.3 cm<sup>2</sup> a<sup>− 1</sup>) between 1952 and 2009 CE. Drought is the dominant driver of spruce growth but shows a transition in seasonality along elevational gradients. Below 550&#xa0;m asl, spruce is strongly limited by water availability during summer, while stands above 550&#xa0;m asl become increasingly sensitive to previous-year moisture conditions. Positive correlations with February-March temperatures indicate an increasing importance of late-winter conditions for pine growth, likely related to rapidly rising air temperatures since the late 1980s and seasonal changes in photosynthetic activity. However, despite the benefits of warmer late-winter conditions for pine, significant moisture limitations and drought-induced growth decreases in both conifers underscore the need for more drought-resistant species in southwest Germany.</p>

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Growth characteristics and drought vulnerability of southwest German spruce and pine

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月4日

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  • Philipp Römer,
  • Edurne Martínez del Castillo,
  • Frederick Reinig,
  • Max C. A. Torbenson,
  • Oliver Konter,
  • Lara Klippel,
  • Ulf Büntgen,
  • Jan Esper

摘要

Although it is evident that forest management needs to adapt to fast changing climate conditions, there are still many uncertainties about how European tree species will perform under predicted temperature increases and associated hydroclimatic extremes. Here, we present a dendrochronological network of 1934 trees from 46 sites across southwest Germany to assess the growth performance of Norway spruce and Scots pine between 100 and 820 m asl under recent climatic changes. Growth comparisons including basal area increment (BAI) show that spruce (BAIavg = 15.4 cm2 a− 1) grew twice than pine (BAIavg = 7.3 cm2 a− 1) between 1952 and 2009 CE. Drought is the dominant driver of spruce growth but shows a transition in seasonality along elevational gradients. Below 550 m asl, spruce is strongly limited by water availability during summer, while stands above 550 m asl become increasingly sensitive to previous-year moisture conditions. Positive correlations with February-March temperatures indicate an increasing importance of late-winter conditions for pine growth, likely related to rapidly rising air temperatures since the late 1980s and seasonal changes in photosynthetic activity. However, despite the benefits of warmer late-winter conditions for pine, significant moisture limitations and drought-induced growth decreases in both conifers underscore the need for more drought-resistant species in southwest Germany.