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<p>Biodegradation of wood, the most widespread biomass source on this planet, is a key process in forests that has a considerable impact on forest ecological services. Large-scale forest stand mortality is therefore deemed to be preventable through developing new rapid and reliable methods of early microbial infection identification in wood. The mechanisms of brown rot decay are primarily based on the action of decomposition agents that degrade cellulose and hemicelluloses, while lignin is practically not attacked. The intensive breakage of cellulose chains is found even at the initial stage of brown rot. The late stages of decay are characterized by practically complete degradation of cellulose and hemicelluloses. However, the initial breakage of cellulose chains causes a significant loss of wood strength. Unlike brown rot, white rot can completely degrade wood structure, as it is also able to decay lignin. Moreover, white rot is characterized by a slower rate of cellulose degradation due to a different mechanism of decomposition of the cell wall components. The method of pyrolytic gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) to analyze post-pyrolysis compositional changes in holocellulose and lignin of the growth ring cell walls of a rot-infected Siberian pine tree, as compared with a healthy individual, we had sampled in the north of Krasnoyarsk Region, eastern Siberia was used. The comparative analysis of healthy vs. suppressed tree pyrolysis products revealed lignin depletion in the wood of the suppressed tree. Py-GC/MS enabled to identify nitrogen-containing pyrolysis products for suppressed wood, which products appeared to be compositionally dependent on holocellulose pyrolysis products. Interestingly, not all lignin groups were destroyed by fungi. The destruction covered benzenes and phenols, whereas the relative contents of lignin of syringyl and guaiacyl types showed an increase for the tree rings, for which nitrogen-containing pyrolysis products were found. This probably was a result of fungus attack-caused breakage of bonds between hemicellulose and lignin in the lignin-carbohydrate complex. From our viewpoint, the nitrogen-containing pyrolysis products we identified may serve as markers to spot visibly indiscernible fungus sources on wood.</p>

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Lignin-carbohydrate complex reaction to fungus infection in Siberian pine tree rings

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月3日

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  • Ekaterina Tyutkova,
  • Sergey Loskutov,
  • Daniil Dorzhiev,
  • Sergey Farber,
  • Lilit Kazaryan

摘要

Biodegradation of wood, the most widespread biomass source on this planet, is a key process in forests that has a considerable impact on forest ecological services. Large-scale forest stand mortality is therefore deemed to be preventable through developing new rapid and reliable methods of early microbial infection identification in wood. The mechanisms of brown rot decay are primarily based on the action of decomposition agents that degrade cellulose and hemicelluloses, while lignin is practically not attacked. The intensive breakage of cellulose chains is found even at the initial stage of brown rot. The late stages of decay are characterized by practically complete degradation of cellulose and hemicelluloses. However, the initial breakage of cellulose chains causes a significant loss of wood strength. Unlike brown rot, white rot can completely degrade wood structure, as it is also able to decay lignin. Moreover, white rot is characterized by a slower rate of cellulose degradation due to a different mechanism of decomposition of the cell wall components. The method of pyrolytic gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) to analyze post-pyrolysis compositional changes in holocellulose and lignin of the growth ring cell walls of a rot-infected Siberian pine tree, as compared with a healthy individual, we had sampled in the north of Krasnoyarsk Region, eastern Siberia was used. The comparative analysis of healthy vs. suppressed tree pyrolysis products revealed lignin depletion in the wood of the suppressed tree. Py-GC/MS enabled to identify nitrogen-containing pyrolysis products for suppressed wood, which products appeared to be compositionally dependent on holocellulose pyrolysis products. Interestingly, not all lignin groups were destroyed by fungi. The destruction covered benzenes and phenols, whereas the relative contents of lignin of syringyl and guaiacyl types showed an increase for the tree rings, for which nitrogen-containing pyrolysis products were found. This probably was a result of fungus attack-caused breakage of bonds between hemicellulose and lignin in the lignin-carbohydrate complex. From our viewpoint, the nitrogen-containing pyrolysis products we identified may serve as markers to spot visibly indiscernible fungus sources on wood.