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<p>Climate change affects fruit quality; however, dragon fruit demonstrates resistance to these effects and offers benefits to growers. This study investigated red (RDF) and white dragon fruits (WDF) cultivated in western India, emphasizing maturity indices for quality control. We aimed to evaluate changes in physical properties, biochemical properties, color characteristics of both dragon fruit varieties, and bioactive constituents of red dragon fruit (RDF) from 20&#xa0;to 40&#xa0;days after flowering (DAF) at 5‑day intervals to ascertain the optimal maturity stage of RDF and WDF. Fruit weight, length, and pulp content increased while peel content decreased, resulting in an increased pulp-to-peel ratio. Total soluble solids (TSS) increased steadily from 3.6&#xa0;to 12.6 for RDF and from 3.2&#xa0;to 11.5 for WDF, while acidity decreased, leading to an increase in the TSS/acid ratio. Lightness&#xa0;(<i>L</i><sup><i>*</i></sup>) and yellowness to blueness&#xa0;(<i>b</i><sup><i>*</i></sup>) decreased, whereas redness&#xa0;(<i>a</i><sup>*</sup>) increased with maturity, ultimately intensifying chroma&#xa0;(<i>C</i><sup>*</sup>) and bringing the hue angle&#xa0;(<i>h</i><sup>°</sup>) closer to 0<sup>°</sup>. Reducing sugar and total sugar content of both dragon fruit varieties increased linearly throughout maturity, reaching 7.30% and 9.89% for RDF, and 6.34% and 8.98% for WDF, respectively, at 40 DAF. Harvesting dragon fruit at 35 DAF yielded the highest total polyphenol content (396.54 mg/100 g) and antioxidant activity (91.05%), whereas these values were reduced at 40 DAF. Vitamin&#xa0;C content of RDF decreased from 71.3 to 27.95 mg/100 g with maturity, whereas betacyanin content increased from 2.04 to 156.32 mg/100 g throughout the maturity period. The optimal harvesting stage for both dragon fruit varieties is at 35 DAF; however, fruits remain suitable for consumption at 40 DAF.</p>

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Qualitative Changes in Red and White Dragon Fruit During Maturity: Study of Physicochemical and Bioactive Compounds

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Shailesh Janardan Veer,
  • Rajesh Baliram Kshirsagar,
  • Prashant Anil Pawase,
  • Omar Bashir,
  • Amarnath Velmurugan

摘要

Climate change affects fruit quality; however, dragon fruit demonstrates resistance to these effects and offers benefits to growers. This study investigated red (RDF) and white dragon fruits (WDF) cultivated in western India, emphasizing maturity indices for quality control. We aimed to evaluate changes in physical properties, biochemical properties, color characteristics of both dragon fruit varieties, and bioactive constituents of red dragon fruit (RDF) from 20 to 40 days after flowering (DAF) at 5‑day intervals to ascertain the optimal maturity stage of RDF and WDF. Fruit weight, length, and pulp content increased while peel content decreased, resulting in an increased pulp-to-peel ratio. Total soluble solids (TSS) increased steadily from 3.6 to 12.6 for RDF and from 3.2 to 11.5 for WDF, while acidity decreased, leading to an increase in the TSS/acid ratio. Lightness (L*) and yellowness to blueness (b*) decreased, whereas redness (a*) increased with maturity, ultimately intensifying chroma (C*) and bringing the hue angle (h°) closer to 0°. Reducing sugar and total sugar content of both dragon fruit varieties increased linearly throughout maturity, reaching 7.30% and 9.89% for RDF, and 6.34% and 8.98% for WDF, respectively, at 40 DAF. Harvesting dragon fruit at 35 DAF yielded the highest total polyphenol content (396.54 mg/100 g) and antioxidant activity (91.05%), whereas these values were reduced at 40 DAF. Vitamin C content of RDF decreased from 71.3 to 27.95 mg/100 g with maturity, whereas betacyanin content increased from 2.04 to 156.32 mg/100 g throughout the maturity period. The optimal harvesting stage for both dragon fruit varieties is at 35 DAF; however, fruits remain suitable for consumption at 40 DAF.