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<p>This study analysed the cost structure and profitability of 90&#xa0;stratified-sampled grapefruit farms in Adana (accounting for 87.29% of Türkiye’s production) using 2024 primary survey data. Findings reveal scale and technical differences: operators were 77.78% male and 22.22% female (with 27.27% female operators in large-scale farms). Furthermore, 70% held a&#xa0;bachelor’s degree, and 88.89% had 11&#xa0;or more years of production experience. Regarding labour use, 64.20% of small-scale farms relied on family labour, whereas 81.64% of large-scale farms employed hired labour. Total cost per farm ranged from TRY 800,086 to TRY 3,692,113; cost per kilogram ranged from TRY 6.45 to TRY 8.04; and profit margin varied between −TRY 0.09 and TRY 1.82. To reduce scale- and gender-based disparities, recommendations include incentivising female participation, strengthening small and medium-sized farms’ cooperative capacities, optimising mechanisation and labour, and diversifying sales channels while providing agricultural and technological support. Ultimately, these measures will increase sector productivity, profitability, income stability, and small/medium farm competitiveness, thereby strengthening the sustainable growth and international competitiveness of Türkiye’s grapefruit sector.</p>

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Cost and Profitability in Grapefruit Farms in Türkiye

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月17日

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  • Serhat Erdeğer,
  • Mevlüt Gül

摘要

This study analysed the cost structure and profitability of 90 stratified-sampled grapefruit farms in Adana (accounting for 87.29% of Türkiye’s production) using 2024 primary survey data. Findings reveal scale and technical differences: operators were 77.78% male and 22.22% female (with 27.27% female operators in large-scale farms). Furthermore, 70% held a bachelor’s degree, and 88.89% had 11 or more years of production experience. Regarding labour use, 64.20% of small-scale farms relied on family labour, whereas 81.64% of large-scale farms employed hired labour. Total cost per farm ranged from TRY 800,086 to TRY 3,692,113; cost per kilogram ranged from TRY 6.45 to TRY 8.04; and profit margin varied between −TRY 0.09 and TRY 1.82. To reduce scale- and gender-based disparities, recommendations include incentivising female participation, strengthening small and medium-sized farms’ cooperative capacities, optimising mechanisation and labour, and diversifying sales channels while providing agricultural and technological support. Ultimately, these measures will increase sector productivity, profitability, income stability, and small/medium farm competitiveness, thereby strengthening the sustainable growth and international competitiveness of Türkiye’s grapefruit sector.