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<p>This study investigates the determinants of fruit crop productivity for Ethiopian smallholder farmers with pseudo-panel data from the Ethiopian Annual Agricultural Sample Survey (2003–2021) under dynamic system generalised method of moments (GMM). Major pre- and post-estimation diagnostic test results including endogeneity, unobserved heterogeneity, and the validity of instruments strongly support the appropriateness and robustness of applying the system GMM approach in this study. The empirical results reveal that a&#xa0;1% increase in the yields of the previous year correlates with a&#xa0;0.365% increase in the current year, thus giving evidence for the time persistence of productivity. Among the primary inputs, urea fertiliser has a&#xa0;positive effect on output (elasticity of 0.169), while land area and improved seeds show negative signs, probably due to diminishing returns and poor seed adaptation. Urea being selected as the fertiliser by farmers has a&#xa0;3.99% increase in yield. Across climate adaptation methods, irrigation methods increase productivity by 21.45%, and organic fertilisers increase productivity by 12.49%, while community conservation methods have very little or even negative effects. Institutional factors such as sourcing fertiliser privately and secondary education further improve productivity, thus, demanding greater attention in targeted interventions. This analysis and the results stress the need for targeted agricultural practices and resource management to optimise fruit crop productivity in Ethiopia. The findings underline the need to optimise resource allocation, implement better farm management, and strengthen the institutional framework to enhance fruit crop productivity and agricultural sustainability in Ethiopia.</p>

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Fruit Crop Yield Response to Smallholder Agricultural Practices and Climate Adaptation in Ethiopia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • Daregot Berihun Tenessa

摘要

This study investigates the determinants of fruit crop productivity for Ethiopian smallholder farmers with pseudo-panel data from the Ethiopian Annual Agricultural Sample Survey (2003–2021) under dynamic system generalised method of moments (GMM). Major pre- and post-estimation diagnostic test results including endogeneity, unobserved heterogeneity, and the validity of instruments strongly support the appropriateness and robustness of applying the system GMM approach in this study. The empirical results reveal that a 1% increase in the yields of the previous year correlates with a 0.365% increase in the current year, thus giving evidence for the time persistence of productivity. Among the primary inputs, urea fertiliser has a positive effect on output (elasticity of 0.169), while land area and improved seeds show negative signs, probably due to diminishing returns and poor seed adaptation. Urea being selected as the fertiliser by farmers has a 3.99% increase in yield. Across climate adaptation methods, irrigation methods increase productivity by 21.45%, and organic fertilisers increase productivity by 12.49%, while community conservation methods have very little or even negative effects. Institutional factors such as sourcing fertiliser privately and secondary education further improve productivity, thus, demanding greater attention in targeted interventions. This analysis and the results stress the need for targeted agricultural practices and resource management to optimise fruit crop productivity in Ethiopia. The findings underline the need to optimise resource allocation, implement better farm management, and strengthen the institutional framework to enhance fruit crop productivity and agricultural sustainability in Ethiopia.