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<p>The grapevine (<i>Vitis vinifera</i>&#xa0;L.) stands as one of the most important fruit crops due to its high nutritional value, palatability, and economic significance. To mitigate climate-induced limitations on berry coloration and antioxidant potential, foliar application of γ‑aminobutyric acid (GABA) at 25, 50, and 100 mM was evaluated in grape cv. ‘Flame Seedless’ during two consecutive cropping seasons. The results revealed that GABA at 100 mM significantly improved total phenolic content (79.78 and 82.08 mg GAE/100 g FW) and antioxidant activity (74.2% and 76.93%) while enhancing berry appearance through higher <i>a</i>* (15.36 and 15.91) and lower <i>b</i>* (11.54 and 11.17) values. It also improved fruit physical traits, exhibiting the highest cluster length (21.38 and 22.33 cm), width (18.68 and 18.95 cm), and weight (366.87 and 370.37 g), along with the highest berry length (18.96 and 19.76 mm), diameter (18.43 and 18.75 mm), weight (2.99 and 3.18 g), and yield (27.78 and 28.64 kg/vine). Antioxidant enzymes were significantly elevated under all treatments, with GABA at 100 mM exhibiting the highest phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity (8.44 and 8.63 U/mg protein), while GABA at 50 mM resulted in the highest catalase (15.23 and 15.25 U/mg protein) and superoxide dismutase (8.71 and 8.84 U/mg protein) activities. Notably, GABA at 50 mM also exhibited the highest total soluble solids (19.7 and 20.25 °Brix), lowest <i>L</i>* (35.54 and 34.32), and highest total anthocyanin content (35.63 and 36.47 mg/100 g FW). Overall, preharvest foliar GABA 50–100 mM effectively enhanced grape yield, quality, and stress adaptability under subtropical conditions.</p>

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Enhancing Berry Excellence: GABA-Induced Stimulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Antioxidant Defense in ‘Flame Seedless’ Grapes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Khushi Kumari,
  • Rachna Arora,
  • Naresh Kumar Arora,
  • Shalini Jhanji

摘要

The grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) stands as one of the most important fruit crops due to its high nutritional value, palatability, and economic significance. To mitigate climate-induced limitations on berry coloration and antioxidant potential, foliar application of γ‑aminobutyric acid (GABA) at 25, 50, and 100 mM was evaluated in grape cv. ‘Flame Seedless’ during two consecutive cropping seasons. The results revealed that GABA at 100 mM significantly improved total phenolic content (79.78 and 82.08 mg GAE/100 g FW) and antioxidant activity (74.2% and 76.93%) while enhancing berry appearance through higher a* (15.36 and 15.91) and lower b* (11.54 and 11.17) values. It also improved fruit physical traits, exhibiting the highest cluster length (21.38 and 22.33 cm), width (18.68 and 18.95 cm), and weight (366.87 and 370.37 g), along with the highest berry length (18.96 and 19.76 mm), diameter (18.43 and 18.75 mm), weight (2.99 and 3.18 g), and yield (27.78 and 28.64 kg/vine). Antioxidant enzymes were significantly elevated under all treatments, with GABA at 100 mM exhibiting the highest phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity (8.44 and 8.63 U/mg protein), while GABA at 50 mM resulted in the highest catalase (15.23 and 15.25 U/mg protein) and superoxide dismutase (8.71 and 8.84 U/mg protein) activities. Notably, GABA at 50 mM also exhibited the highest total soluble solids (19.7 and 20.25 °Brix), lowest L* (35.54 and 34.32), and highest total anthocyanin content (35.63 and 36.47 mg/100 g FW). Overall, preharvest foliar GABA 50–100 mM effectively enhanced grape yield, quality, and stress adaptability under subtropical conditions.