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<p>Planting geometry is a&#xa0;fundamental orchard design parameter and refers to the spatial arrangement of plants, which ensures balanced canopy development, improves light interception, reduces interplant competition and directly influences the growth, yield and quality of fruits. In the present study, the bael variety ‘Narendra Bael-5’ was planted at different planting geometries, i.e., 8 m × 8 m (156 plants/ha), 8 m × 7 m (178 plants/ha), 8 m × 6 m (208 plants/ha) and 8 m × 5 m (250 plants/ha) at the Regional Research Station, CCSHAU Bawal (Haryana), and pooled data from 6&#xa0;years (2018–2023) revealed that closer spacing (8 m × 5 m) resulted in significantly taller plants (4.59 m) due to increased competition for light, whereas higher spacing (8 m × 8 m) resulted in the highest trunk cross-sectional area (246.3 cm<sup>2</sup>), nutrient uptake (N:&#xa0;2.79%, P:&#xa0;0.65%, K:&#xa0;3.33%) and chlorophyll content (216.50 µmol&#xa0;m⁻<sup>2</sup>), reflecting reduced interplant competition and improved resource utilization. The canopy volume (86.66 m<sup>3</sup>) and footprint (19.35 m<sup>2</sup>) were greatest at 8 m × 7 m spacing. The quality of fruits was not significantly affected by the planting geometry. The fruit weight (917.17 g), crop load (48.03 fruits per plant) and yield per plant (44.05 kg/plant) were significantly greater in the 8 m × 8 m spacing treatment than in the other treatments. However, the crop load increases with plant age up to 8–9&#xa0;years because of increases in the canopy of plants. On an area basis, under narrow spacing, the highest productive efficiency (0.27 fruits/cm<sup>2</sup>) and productivity (88.33 q/ha) were significantly greater under 8 m × 5 m spacing, with the highest benefit:cost ratio, than under 8 m × 8 m (67.32 q/ha) spacing. Therefore, closer spacing of 8 m × 5 m may be preferable for bael (<i>Aegle marmelos</i> Correa) variety ‘NB-5’ plantations for better productivity and net returns.</p>

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Effects of Planting Geometry on the Growth, Yield and Quality of the Bael (Aegle Marmelos Correa) Variety ‘Narendra Bael-5’ Under a Semi-arid Region of Haryana

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

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  • Anuradha Bishnoi,
  • Mukesh Kumar,
  • Krishan Kant Meena,
  • Manoj Kumar Buswal,
  • Balbir Singh,
  • Punam Saini,
  • Pooja

摘要

Planting geometry is a fundamental orchard design parameter and refers to the spatial arrangement of plants, which ensures balanced canopy development, improves light interception, reduces interplant competition and directly influences the growth, yield and quality of fruits. In the present study, the bael variety ‘Narendra Bael-5’ was planted at different planting geometries, i.e., 8 m × 8 m (156 plants/ha), 8 m × 7 m (178 plants/ha), 8 m × 6 m (208 plants/ha) and 8 m × 5 m (250 plants/ha) at the Regional Research Station, CCSHAU Bawal (Haryana), and pooled data from 6 years (2018–2023) revealed that closer spacing (8 m × 5 m) resulted in significantly taller plants (4.59 m) due to increased competition for light, whereas higher spacing (8 m × 8 m) resulted in the highest trunk cross-sectional area (246.3 cm2), nutrient uptake (N: 2.79%, P: 0.65%, K: 3.33%) and chlorophyll content (216.50 µmol m⁻2), reflecting reduced interplant competition and improved resource utilization. The canopy volume (86.66 m3) and footprint (19.35 m2) were greatest at 8 m × 7 m spacing. The quality of fruits was not significantly affected by the planting geometry. The fruit weight (917.17 g), crop load (48.03 fruits per plant) and yield per plant (44.05 kg/plant) were significantly greater in the 8 m × 8 m spacing treatment than in the other treatments. However, the crop load increases with plant age up to 8–9 years because of increases in the canopy of plants. On an area basis, under narrow spacing, the highest productive efficiency (0.27 fruits/cm2) and productivity (88.33 q/ha) were significantly greater under 8 m × 5 m spacing, with the highest benefit:cost ratio, than under 8 m × 8 m (67.32 q/ha) spacing. Therefore, closer spacing of 8 m × 5 m may be preferable for bael (Aegle marmelos Correa) variety ‘NB-5’ plantations for better productivity and net returns.