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<p>Fruit drop poses a&#xa0;significant challenge to profitable avocado production globally and remains a&#xa0;persistent issue in East Africa, including Tanzania. Despite the crop’s growing economic and nutritional importance in Tanzania, research on the rates, causes, and specific mitigation methods for fruit drop remains limited. Field observations and regional studies suggest that fruit abscission results from multiple interacting factors, including natural physiological self-thinning, abiotic stress, nutrient imbalances, pests and diseases, and inappropriate farming practices. This review summarises the global and regional scientific literature on the mechanisms and factors driving avocado fruit drop. It critically evaluates current management and prevention techniques, ranging from cultural and nutritional strategies to integrated pest management and the use of growth regulators. It highlights key research and extension gaps relevant to Tanzanian farming systems. We argue that a&#xa0;deeper understanding of fruit drop dynamics, informed by locally adapted research and targeted extension services for smallholder farmers, is crucial for reducing yield losses, enhancing productivity, and promoting effective market participation in domestic and export markets.</p>

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Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Fruit Drop in Tanzania: Causes, Prevention Strategies, and Future Prospects—A Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月26日

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  • Iman S. Yangaza,
  • Escain M. Kiwonde

摘要

Fruit drop poses a significant challenge to profitable avocado production globally and remains a persistent issue in East Africa, including Tanzania. Despite the crop’s growing economic and nutritional importance in Tanzania, research on the rates, causes, and specific mitigation methods for fruit drop remains limited. Field observations and regional studies suggest that fruit abscission results from multiple interacting factors, including natural physiological self-thinning, abiotic stress, nutrient imbalances, pests and diseases, and inappropriate farming practices. This review summarises the global and regional scientific literature on the mechanisms and factors driving avocado fruit drop. It critically evaluates current management and prevention techniques, ranging from cultural and nutritional strategies to integrated pest management and the use of growth regulators. It highlights key research and extension gaps relevant to Tanzanian farming systems. We argue that a deeper understanding of fruit drop dynamics, informed by locally adapted research and targeted extension services for smallholder farmers, is crucial for reducing yield losses, enhancing productivity, and promoting effective market participation in domestic and export markets.