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<p>Salinity, a&#xa0;major environmental stressor, results from the accumulation of sodium chloride (NaCl), which disturbs ion homeostasis within plants, impairing their growth, metabolic processes, and overall physiological equilibrium. Researchers have classified silicon (Si) as a&#xa0;beneficial element that alleviates salt stress effects. This review explains how different Si forms regulate ions, maintain osmotic balance, and strengthen antioxidant defenses to improve plant tolerance under salinity. While several studies suggest that Si alleviates plant salinity stress, much of the existing evidence remains limited to a&#xa0;few specific physiological or biochemical responses. In this review, we emphasize multiple complementary mechanisms and evaluate plant responses across different crops. We discussed Si transporters and their localization, as well as their impact on photosynthesis, oxidative stress, and phytohormonal crosstalk through various stress-signaling pathways. Furthermore, application methodologies and challenges of Si use in plants are evaluated. Additionally, the application of nanotechnology and its challenges in Si supplementation for various crops are also addressed. Comprehensive suggestions for further investigation are provided to facilitate a&#xa0;detailed understanding of the role of Si in alleviating salt stress and enhancing plant tolerance.</p>

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Optimizing Salt Stress Resilience in Crops: Mechanistic Insights into Silicon Forms and Their Impact on Ion Regulation and Stress Tolerance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月11日

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  • Rohit Ghatuary,
  • Amit Kotiyal,
  • Vishal Johar,
  • Suraj Varma

摘要

Salinity, a major environmental stressor, results from the accumulation of sodium chloride (NaCl), which disturbs ion homeostasis within plants, impairing their growth, metabolic processes, and overall physiological equilibrium. Researchers have classified silicon (Si) as a beneficial element that alleviates salt stress effects. This review explains how different Si forms regulate ions, maintain osmotic balance, and strengthen antioxidant defenses to improve plant tolerance under salinity. While several studies suggest that Si alleviates plant salinity stress, much of the existing evidence remains limited to a few specific physiological or biochemical responses. In this review, we emphasize multiple complementary mechanisms and evaluate plant responses across different crops. We discussed Si transporters and their localization, as well as their impact on photosynthesis, oxidative stress, and phytohormonal crosstalk through various stress-signaling pathways. Furthermore, application methodologies and challenges of Si use in plants are evaluated. Additionally, the application of nanotechnology and its challenges in Si supplementation for various crops are also addressed. Comprehensive suggestions for further investigation are provided to facilitate a detailed understanding of the role of Si in alleviating salt stress and enhancing plant tolerance.