Environmental, Economic, Greenhouse Gas Emission and Energy Balance Analysis of Open-Field Strawberry Production under Highland Conditions in Türkiye
摘要
The aim of this study was to define the economy, energy balance and greenhouse gas emissions of strawberry growing. The study data were collected from the strawberry farmers defined according to the complete count method in Isparta province in Türkiye. In this study, the economic analysis, the energy use efficiency, specific energy, energy productivity, net energy and greenhouse gas emissions of strawberry growing were computed. The energy inputs in strawberry were computed respectively as nylon 17,910 MJ ha−1 (41.67%), irrigation water 5996.58 MJ ha−1 (13.95%), chemical fertilizers 5658.95 MJ ha−1 (13.17%), farmyard manure 4285.71 MJ ha−1 (9.97%), human labor 2993.70 MJ ha−1 (6.97%), chemicals 2585.66 MJ ha−1 (6.02%), diesel fuel 2111.63 MJ ha−1 (4.91%), machinery 1134 MJ ha−1 (2.64%) and transportation 299.88 MJ ha−1 (0.70%). Energy use efficiency, specific energy, energy productivity and net energy were computed as 1.47, 1.29 MJ kg−1, 0.78 kg MJ−1 and 20,332.37 MJ ha−1, respectively. The total energy inputs in the production of strawberry consisted of 25.83% direct, 74.17% indirect, 20.92% from renewable and 79.08% from non-renewable energies. The total greenhouse gas emissions and ratio originating from strawberry growing were computed as 10,017.48 kgCO2eq ha−1 and 0.30 kgCO2eq kg−1. Average strawberry production costs were 26,723.14 US$ ha−1. Gross profit, net profit and relative return were found to be 22,041.34 US$ ha−1, 11,261.94 US$ ha−1 and 1.42, respectively. According to the study results, open-field strawberry production in highland conditions was defined to be profitable in terms of energy usage and economics. It is concluded that the continuation of strawberry growing in the study area is suitable from the standpoint of farm management principles.