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<p>This study evaluated the impact of soil-applied macronutrients and foliar-applied micronutrients on the chemical composition and biological potential of ‘Roxana’ apricot leaves and fruits grown under the agroecological conditions of the Skopje region, North Macedonia. Macronutrients (NPK 11-44-11) were applied via soil fertilization, while micronutrients (Fe, Zn, B, and Mg) were applied through foliar spraying. The main objective was to assess how different micronutrient combinations influence apricot composition and bioactive properties, particularly phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. A&#xa0;randomized block design was used, comprising seven treatment variants with single and combined foliar applications of Fe (0.5%), Zn (0.5%), B&#xa0;(0.1%), and Mg (0.2%). All groups, including the control, received NPK 11-44-11 (450 kg ∙ ha⁻<sup>1</sup>) in late November. Four foliar applications were performed during the growing season: one before flowering, two after flowering, and one at the berry stage. Foliar fertilization significantly improved (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) the chemical composition of both leaves and fruits. All treated variants showed increased concentrations of the analyzed elements, with the highest values in Variant&#xa0;8 (combined treatment). A&#xa0;strong positive correlation (r⁺ &gt; 0.80) was found between foliar fertilization and the content of phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity in fruits. Principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed a&#xa0;clear separation of the fertilized variants, with the combined treatment strongly associated with higher bioactive compound levels. The study emphasizes the importance of optimized nutrient management through targeted foliar applications to enhance nutrient uptake efficiency, fruit quality, and overall orchard sustainability.</p>

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Optimizing Apricot Quality and Antioxidant Properties Through Targeted Soil and Foliar Application with Fe, Zn, B, and Mg

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月4日

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  • Marina T. Stojanova,
  • Dragutin A. Djukic,
  • Yalcin Kaya,
  • Monika Stojanova

摘要

This study evaluated the impact of soil-applied macronutrients and foliar-applied micronutrients on the chemical composition and biological potential of ‘Roxana’ apricot leaves and fruits grown under the agroecological conditions of the Skopje region, North Macedonia. Macronutrients (NPK 11-44-11) were applied via soil fertilization, while micronutrients (Fe, Zn, B, and Mg) were applied through foliar spraying. The main objective was to assess how different micronutrient combinations influence apricot composition and bioactive properties, particularly phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. A randomized block design was used, comprising seven treatment variants with single and combined foliar applications of Fe (0.5%), Zn (0.5%), B (0.1%), and Mg (0.2%). All groups, including the control, received NPK 11-44-11 (450 kg ∙ ha⁻1) in late November. Four foliar applications were performed during the growing season: one before flowering, two after flowering, and one at the berry stage. Foliar fertilization significantly improved (p < 0.05) the chemical composition of both leaves and fruits. All treated variants showed increased concentrations of the analyzed elements, with the highest values in Variant 8 (combined treatment). A strong positive correlation (r⁺ > 0.80) was found between foliar fertilization and the content of phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity in fruits. Principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed a clear separation of the fertilized variants, with the combined treatment strongly associated with higher bioactive compound levels. The study emphasizes the importance of optimized nutrient management through targeted foliar applications to enhance nutrient uptake efficiency, fruit quality, and overall orchard sustainability.