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<p>Fruit coloration is a&#xa0;key attribute that determines consumer preference, nutritional value, and commercial viability. This review provides an in-depth synthesis of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms underlying pigment development in fruits, with a&#xa0;focus on chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and betalains. The biosynthesis and regulation of these pigments are orchestrated by complex networks involving environmental cues, hormonal signals, transcription factors, and structural genes. Recent advances in plant molecular biology have elucidated key regulatory pathways, including the <i>MYB-bHLH-WD40</i> complex and associated transcriptional modulators that govern pigment accumulation. The review further explores the spatial and temporal dynamics of pigment deposition, highlighting their role in fruit development and ripening. Additionally, this review addresses how external factors such as light, temperature, and nutrient management influence pigment profiles. By integrating current findings, we provide a&#xa0;foundation for future genetic and agronomic strategies aimed at improving fruit quality, shelf-life, and nutraceutical potential through targeted manipulation of pigment pathways.</p>

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Pigment Dynamics in Fruits: Physiological, Molecular, and Biochemical Perspectives

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月10日

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  • Yellapu Rammohan,
  • Duggireddy Mahesh Reddy,
  • V. V. Padmaja,
  • M. Siva Prasad,
  • Y. Sharath Kumar Reddy

摘要

Fruit coloration is a key attribute that determines consumer preference, nutritional value, and commercial viability. This review provides an in-depth synthesis of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms underlying pigment development in fruits, with a focus on chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and betalains. The biosynthesis and regulation of these pigments are orchestrated by complex networks involving environmental cues, hormonal signals, transcription factors, and structural genes. Recent advances in plant molecular biology have elucidated key regulatory pathways, including the MYB-bHLH-WD40 complex and associated transcriptional modulators that govern pigment accumulation. The review further explores the spatial and temporal dynamics of pigment deposition, highlighting their role in fruit development and ripening. Additionally, this review addresses how external factors such as light, temperature, and nutrient management influence pigment profiles. By integrating current findings, we provide a foundation for future genetic and agronomic strategies aimed at improving fruit quality, shelf-life, and nutraceutical potential through targeted manipulation of pigment pathways.