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<p>Sustainable and digitally driven agriculture, supported by scientific innovation, is essential for tackling the growing challenges of the water–food–energy (WFE) nexus. Ensuring food security at a&#xa0;global scale remains particularly difficult for smallholder farms, which contribute nearly 35% of food production while occupying only about 12% of agricultural land. To address these challenges, affordable and efficient digital farming practices are needed. Low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs)—including Long Range (LoRa), Sigfox, and narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT)—offer significant advantages for IoT-based agriculture due to their low deployment cost, energy efficiency, and suitable communication range. In contrast, traditional solutions such as artificial intelligence (AI) or satellite-based approaches are often impractical for small-scale farming because of high expense, complexity, and insufficient resolution. This study introduces AgriMon, an IoT-enabled agricultural platform designed for Kinnow orchards in the Punjab context, where water scarcity has become critical in recent decades. AgriMon employs sensors connected through a&#xa0;long-range wide area network (LoRaWAN) to collect and transmit field data to a&#xa0;gateway, which forwards it to a&#xa0;central server. Farmers can then access real-time insights for irrigation and fertilizer management, improving resource use and operational convenience. The ultimate goal of this platform is to promote sustainable agriculture by conserving water and fertilizers in Kinnow tree orchards while overcoming the limitations of current high-cost systems.</p>

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AgriMon: An Internet of Things-Enabled Real-Time Irrigation and Fertigation Monitoring System for Kinnow Orchards in Punjab

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月3日

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  • Kumar Gaurav Suman,
  • Dilip Kumar

摘要

Sustainable and digitally driven agriculture, supported by scientific innovation, is essential for tackling the growing challenges of the water–food–energy (WFE) nexus. Ensuring food security at a global scale remains particularly difficult for smallholder farms, which contribute nearly 35% of food production while occupying only about 12% of agricultural land. To address these challenges, affordable and efficient digital farming practices are needed. Low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs)—including Long Range (LoRa), Sigfox, and narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT)—offer significant advantages for IoT-based agriculture due to their low deployment cost, energy efficiency, and suitable communication range. In contrast, traditional solutions such as artificial intelligence (AI) or satellite-based approaches are often impractical for small-scale farming because of high expense, complexity, and insufficient resolution. This study introduces AgriMon, an IoT-enabled agricultural platform designed for Kinnow orchards in the Punjab context, where water scarcity has become critical in recent decades. AgriMon employs sensors connected through a long-range wide area network (LoRaWAN) to collect and transmit field data to a gateway, which forwards it to a central server. Farmers can then access real-time insights for irrigation and fertilizer management, improving resource use and operational convenience. The ultimate goal of this platform is to promote sustainable agriculture by conserving water and fertilizers in Kinnow tree orchards while overcoming the limitations of current high-cost systems.