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<p>Fruit splitting is an intricate preharvest physiological disorder that poses significant economic challenges to citrus production, with losses ranging from 30%&#xa0;to 50% in certain cultivars. The split fruits become unmarketable and act as a&#xa0;reservoir for fungal pathogens and insects, which can subsequently infest marketable produce. This review article highlights the current understanding of the factors underlying fruit splitting. Recent studies have demonstrated that fruit splitting is caused not only by genetic factors but also by a&#xa0;combination of environmental factors. These include light intensity, temperature fluctuations, humidity, mineral nutrition, and the influence of plant growth regulators. Moreover, recent advances have elucidated the pivotal role of peel mechanical properties, cell wall ultrastructure, and cell wall metabolism in predisposing fruits to splitting. Nutrient imbalances, particularly during flowering, have been implicated in the development of mechanically weak rind regions, further exacerbating the issue. To date, no comprehensive solution has been identified to mitigate this disorder. Thus, in this paper we define the mechanisms underpinning fruit splitting, critically evaluate both past and current mitigation strategies, and offer actionable insights to help extension personnel provide evidence-based recommendations for effective management of ‘Daisy’ mandarin fruit splitting.</p>

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Fruit Splitting in ‘Daisy’ Mandarin: Causes, Impacts, and Management Strategies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月7日

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  • Komalpreet Kaur,
  • Manpreet Singh,
  • Monika Gupta,
  • H. S. Rattanpal,
  • Gurteg Singh,
  • Dimpy Raina

摘要

Fruit splitting is an intricate preharvest physiological disorder that poses significant economic challenges to citrus production, with losses ranging from 30% to 50% in certain cultivars. The split fruits become unmarketable and act as a reservoir for fungal pathogens and insects, which can subsequently infest marketable produce. This review article highlights the current understanding of the factors underlying fruit splitting. Recent studies have demonstrated that fruit splitting is caused not only by genetic factors but also by a combination of environmental factors. These include light intensity, temperature fluctuations, humidity, mineral nutrition, and the influence of plant growth regulators. Moreover, recent advances have elucidated the pivotal role of peel mechanical properties, cell wall ultrastructure, and cell wall metabolism in predisposing fruits to splitting. Nutrient imbalances, particularly during flowering, have been implicated in the development of mechanically weak rind regions, further exacerbating the issue. To date, no comprehensive solution has been identified to mitigate this disorder. Thus, in this paper we define the mechanisms underpinning fruit splitting, critically evaluate both past and current mitigation strategies, and offer actionable insights to help extension personnel provide evidence-based recommendations for effective management of ‘Daisy’ mandarin fruit splitting.