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<p>Fruits are vital for human dietary and nutritional security. Although global fruit production is growing steadily, there are challenges to improving the efficiency of fruit orchards. Apple is a&#xa0;major global crop. China is the largest apple producer in the world, but its per hectare yield is relatively low, primarily because of climate change. Apple producers adopt different climate change strategies to minimize the impact on apple orchards. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to explore adaptation strategies and their impact on the technical efficiency of apple orchards. The multi-stage sampling technique was used and data were collected from 458 Chinese apple producers from Shaanxi, Shandon, Gansu, and Shanxi provinces through face-to-face surveys. The data were analyzed using a&#xa0;stochastic frontier model and propensity score matching (PSM) technique. The results revealed that the mean technical efficiency score was 0.69, indicating that apple producers should decrease their input use by 31% with the present level of apple production. The stochastic frontier model also showed that farmer age (0.024), gender (−0.043), education (−0.173), orchard experience (−0.304), risk-taking behavior (−0.037), apple plant-to-area ratio (0.022), orchard age (0.057), and cooperative membership (−0.116) significantly affect the technical inefficiency of Chinese apple producers. Moreover, PSM showed that climate change adaptation strategies for apple production can significantly improve the technical efficiency of apple producers in China. Therefore, policymakers should create awareness among apple producers to minimize the losses caused by climate change.</p>

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Sustainable Fruit Production: Enhancing Technical Efficiency and Climate Resilience in Apple Orchards

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月3日

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  • Yi Wang,
  • Abida Hafeez,
  • Pomi Shahbaz,
  • Shamsheer ul Haq,
  • Muhammad Nadeem

摘要

Fruits are vital for human dietary and nutritional security. Although global fruit production is growing steadily, there are challenges to improving the efficiency of fruit orchards. Apple is a major global crop. China is the largest apple producer in the world, but its per hectare yield is relatively low, primarily because of climate change. Apple producers adopt different climate change strategies to minimize the impact on apple orchards. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to explore adaptation strategies and their impact on the technical efficiency of apple orchards. The multi-stage sampling technique was used and data were collected from 458 Chinese apple producers from Shaanxi, Shandon, Gansu, and Shanxi provinces through face-to-face surveys. The data were analyzed using a stochastic frontier model and propensity score matching (PSM) technique. The results revealed that the mean technical efficiency score was 0.69, indicating that apple producers should decrease their input use by 31% with the present level of apple production. The stochastic frontier model also showed that farmer age (0.024), gender (−0.043), education (−0.173), orchard experience (−0.304), risk-taking behavior (−0.037), apple plant-to-area ratio (0.022), orchard age (0.057), and cooperative membership (−0.116) significantly affect the technical inefficiency of Chinese apple producers. Moreover, PSM showed that climate change adaptation strategies for apple production can significantly improve the technical efficiency of apple producers in China. Therefore, policymakers should create awareness among apple producers to minimize the losses caused by climate change.