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<p>Silicon, as a&#xa0;smart fertilizer, has played an important role in sustainable agriculture and crop yield improvement. This study sought to elucidate the influence of silicon fertilizer application on the quality and aromatic profile of pear fruit. The study was conducted at the Qingqing Orchard, Laiyang, Yantai, Shandong Province, China. ‘Akiziki’ pear trees, with <i>Pyrus betulaefolia</i> as the rootstock, were used for the experiments in this study. We measured parameters such as individual fruit weight, hardness, pectin content, titratable acidity, soluble solids, and aromatic compounds following diverse silicon treatments: Control (CK): both root and leaf surfaces were treated with water; leaf application (Y): the foliar surface was treated with silicon fertilizer, and the root was treated with water; root application (G): root flushing of silicon fertilizer and foliar spraying of clean water; root plus leaf application (G + Y): both the foliar surface and the root were treated with silicon fertilizer. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to conduct principal component analysis (PCA), heatmap clustering analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis to produce a&#xa0;discrimination model; to determine relative odor activity values (ROAVs); to produce an aromatic radar map; and to analyze the fruit quality and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) composition, content, and differences under different fertilizer treatments. The results showed that silicon fertilizer increased single fruit weight, fruit hardness, and soluble solid content and reduced titratable acid content. A&#xa0;total of 28&#xa0;volatile components were identified in ‘Akiziki’ pear. Compared with the control, leaf application, root application, and root plus leaf application treatments increased the relative content of volatile compounds in fruit by 11.9%, 13.1%, and 19.8%, respectively. Based on the variable importance in projection (VIP) values greater than 1, ten, ten, and nine&#xa0;significantly different volatile compounds were selected after root plus leaf application, root application, and leaf application, respectively. The relative odor activity values (ROAVs) and aromatic radar results indicated that the ROAVs of 2,4-hexadienal, butanal, 2‑methylbutanal, heptanal, 3‑methylbutyrate, ethyl isobutyrate, linalool, ethyl 2‑methylbutyrate, glutaraldehyde, hexyl propionate, and hexanal are greater than&#xa0;1. In summary, silicon fertilizer treatment can improve the hardness, increase the content of soluble solids, change the aromatic composition and relative contents, and improve the flavor of ‘Akiziki’ pear fruit.</p>

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Effects of Silicon Fertilizer on the Content and Composition of Volatile Organic Compounds in ‘Akiziki’ Pear

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月12日

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  • Hongmei Mu,
  • Guodong Li,
  • Xiao Liang,
  • Shujun Zhang,
  • Guodong Chu,
  • Yingjie Wang,
  • Jiansheng Lu,
  • Xiao Li

摘要

Silicon, as a smart fertilizer, has played an important role in sustainable agriculture and crop yield improvement. This study sought to elucidate the influence of silicon fertilizer application on the quality and aromatic profile of pear fruit. The study was conducted at the Qingqing Orchard, Laiyang, Yantai, Shandong Province, China. ‘Akiziki’ pear trees, with Pyrus betulaefolia as the rootstock, were used for the experiments in this study. We measured parameters such as individual fruit weight, hardness, pectin content, titratable acidity, soluble solids, and aromatic compounds following diverse silicon treatments: Control (CK): both root and leaf surfaces were treated with water; leaf application (Y): the foliar surface was treated with silicon fertilizer, and the root was treated with water; root application (G): root flushing of silicon fertilizer and foliar spraying of clean water; root plus leaf application (G + Y): both the foliar surface and the root were treated with silicon fertilizer. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to conduct principal component analysis (PCA), heatmap clustering analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis to produce a discrimination model; to determine relative odor activity values (ROAVs); to produce an aromatic radar map; and to analyze the fruit quality and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) composition, content, and differences under different fertilizer treatments. The results showed that silicon fertilizer increased single fruit weight, fruit hardness, and soluble solid content and reduced titratable acid content. A total of 28 volatile components were identified in ‘Akiziki’ pear. Compared with the control, leaf application, root application, and root plus leaf application treatments increased the relative content of volatile compounds in fruit by 11.9%, 13.1%, and 19.8%, respectively. Based on the variable importance in projection (VIP) values greater than 1, ten, ten, and nine significantly different volatile compounds were selected after root plus leaf application, root application, and leaf application, respectively. The relative odor activity values (ROAVs) and aromatic radar results indicated that the ROAVs of 2,4-hexadienal, butanal, 2‑methylbutanal, heptanal, 3‑methylbutyrate, ethyl isobutyrate, linalool, ethyl 2‑methylbutyrate, glutaraldehyde, hexyl propionate, and hexanal are greater than 1. In summary, silicon fertilizer treatment can improve the hardness, increase the content of soluble solids, change the aromatic composition and relative contents, and improve the flavor of ‘Akiziki’ pear fruit.