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<p>Canker and dieback diseases caused by fungal species pose a&#xa0;serious threat to the productivity of fruit orchards. Recently, <i>Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Diaporthe eres, Diplodia seriata, </i>and <i>Neopestalotiopsis rosae </i>were identified in Moroccan apple orchards, with <i>L.&#xa0;theobromae</i> being the most virulent and <i>D.&#xa0;seriata</i> being the most commonly encountered pathogen. However, no fungicides or treatment products have been officially registered for their control in Morocco. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of six fungicides—tebuconazole, pyraclostrobin + boscalid, difenoconazole, cyprodinil, fluopyram, and trifloxystrobin—on mycelium growth and conidium germination of the aforementioned fungal species. EC<sub>50</sub> values showed that tebuconazole, difenoconazole, and pyraclostrobin + boscalid effectively inhibited in vitro growth of the tested pathogens, with values ranging from 0.0058 to 14.1437 µg/mL, indicating varying pathogen sensitivity. Furthermore, the screening test conducted on detached shoots showed that tebuconazole demonstrated high efficacy in reducing lesions caused by <i>L.&#xa0;theobromae</i>, with a&#xa0;35% reduction. In greenhouse assays, applying fungicides as preventive sprays to wounds inoculated with fungal pathogens significantly decreased disease severity. Notably, pyraclostrobin + boscalid and tebuconazole achieved reductions in lesion severity of up to&#xa0;40% and 30%, respectively. These two fungicides could be used as part of disease management programs to protect apple wounds and prevent infection. This study is the first to assess the effectiveness of fungicides from different classes and with different modes of action for controlling canker and dieback diseases in apple trees in Morocco.</p>

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In Vitro Screening and Greenhouse Inoculation of Candidate Fungicides for Inhibition of Mycelial and Conidial Germination of Four Isolated Microorganisms as Causal Agents of Trunk Diseases in Apple Trees

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月30日

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  • Khadija Goura,
  • Nabila El Alami,
  • Salah-Eddine Laasli,
  • Haitam Lahmamsi,
  • Jihane Kenfaoui,
  • Imane Blibli,
  • Rachid Lahlali,
  • Abdessalem Tahiri

摘要

Canker and dieback diseases caused by fungal species pose a serious threat to the productivity of fruit orchards. Recently, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Diaporthe eres, Diplodia seriata, and Neopestalotiopsis rosae were identified in Moroccan apple orchards, with L. theobromae being the most virulent and D. seriata being the most commonly encountered pathogen. However, no fungicides or treatment products have been officially registered for their control in Morocco. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of six fungicides—tebuconazole, pyraclostrobin + boscalid, difenoconazole, cyprodinil, fluopyram, and trifloxystrobin—on mycelium growth and conidium germination of the aforementioned fungal species. EC50 values showed that tebuconazole, difenoconazole, and pyraclostrobin + boscalid effectively inhibited in vitro growth of the tested pathogens, with values ranging from 0.0058 to 14.1437 µg/mL, indicating varying pathogen sensitivity. Furthermore, the screening test conducted on detached shoots showed that tebuconazole demonstrated high efficacy in reducing lesions caused by L. theobromae, with a 35% reduction. In greenhouse assays, applying fungicides as preventive sprays to wounds inoculated with fungal pathogens significantly decreased disease severity. Notably, pyraclostrobin + boscalid and tebuconazole achieved reductions in lesion severity of up to 40% and 30%, respectively. These two fungicides could be used as part of disease management programs to protect apple wounds and prevent infection. This study is the first to assess the effectiveness of fungicides from different classes and with different modes of action for controlling canker and dieback diseases in apple trees in Morocco.