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<p>The aim of the present investigation was to develop a&#xa0;suitable planting system with optimum density and canopy configuration as well as the appropriate pruning time to maximize fig production under Indian hot-arid conditions. The popular fig cultivar ‘Diana’, raised through tissue culture, was planted in three different systems, i.e., normal planting at 5 × 5 m (400&#xa0;plants/ha), high density planting (HDP) at 4 × 3.5 m (715&#xa0;plants/ha) and double hedge-row system at 2.5 × 2.5 × 5.0 m (1072 plants/ha). Subsequently, plants were trained with a&#xa0;multi-stem system having 4, 6 and 8&#xa0;primary branches per tree. These trees were pruned leaving 4–5 basal nodes at monthly intervals from May to September. Tree growth parameters were recorded in the optimum range in HDP with 6‑stem training, whereas it was found lowest under the hedge-row system trained with maximum stems per tree. Number of fruits and fruit weight decreased with the increase in the number of stems per plant in all three systems of planting. Due to the accommodation of greater number of total trees per unit area under HDP and the hedge-row system, the total yield was higher as compared to normal planting; however, comparing the two intensive systems of planting, despite having a&#xa0;much higher number of trees (1072 plants/hectare) in the hedge-row, the total yield was less than that of HDP. With regards to biochemical quality, both normal planting and HDP with 6‑stem training stand apart from the hedge-row system due to effective light interception and canopy temperature. It is clear from the present study that either too early pruning (in May) or too late pruning (in September) exerts negative effects on yield and quality traits of fig fruits. Further, pruning in the months of July or June produced the highest number of fruits with larger fruits, eventually leading to higher total yield. In conclusion, HDP at 4 × 3.5 m (715 plants per hectare) while retaining 4–6 stems along with annual pruning of the previous season’s shoots to the basal 4–6 nodes during July is optimum for total fruit yield with quality fruits under hot arid conditions.</p> Graphic abstract <p></p>

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Improving Light Interception, Yield and Fruit Quality of Fig (Ficus carica L.) by Optimizing Planting System, Training System and Pruning Season in Arid Conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月16日

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  • Akath Singh,
  • Pradeep Kumar,
  • P. R. Meghwal,
  • Anshuman Singh,
  • Dalpat Singh,
  • H. S. Kotiyari

摘要

The aim of the present investigation was to develop a suitable planting system with optimum density and canopy configuration as well as the appropriate pruning time to maximize fig production under Indian hot-arid conditions. The popular fig cultivar ‘Diana’, raised through tissue culture, was planted in three different systems, i.e., normal planting at 5 × 5 m (400 plants/ha), high density planting (HDP) at 4 × 3.5 m (715 plants/ha) and double hedge-row system at 2.5 × 2.5 × 5.0 m (1072 plants/ha). Subsequently, plants were trained with a multi-stem system having 4, 6 and 8 primary branches per tree. These trees were pruned leaving 4–5 basal nodes at monthly intervals from May to September. Tree growth parameters were recorded in the optimum range in HDP with 6‑stem training, whereas it was found lowest under the hedge-row system trained with maximum stems per tree. Number of fruits and fruit weight decreased with the increase in the number of stems per plant in all three systems of planting. Due to the accommodation of greater number of total trees per unit area under HDP and the hedge-row system, the total yield was higher as compared to normal planting; however, comparing the two intensive systems of planting, despite having a much higher number of trees (1072 plants/hectare) in the hedge-row, the total yield was less than that of HDP. With regards to biochemical quality, both normal planting and HDP with 6‑stem training stand apart from the hedge-row system due to effective light interception and canopy temperature. It is clear from the present study that either too early pruning (in May) or too late pruning (in September) exerts negative effects on yield and quality traits of fig fruits. Further, pruning in the months of July or June produced the highest number of fruits with larger fruits, eventually leading to higher total yield. In conclusion, HDP at 4 × 3.5 m (715 plants per hectare) while retaining 4–6 stems along with annual pruning of the previous season’s shoots to the basal 4–6 nodes during July is optimum for total fruit yield with quality fruits under hot arid conditions.

Graphic abstract