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<p>There are distinct features in male and female flowers of kiwifruit. Success of kiwifruit cultivation depends on proper pollination, which is determined by the pollen characteristics of male polliniser cultivars. This study investigated the morphological features of kiwifruit pollen and the insights they offer for distinguishing the sex. Length and width of the pollen varied between male and female cultivars; there were also differences in pollen shape, aperture and exine ornamentation. Male cultivars recorded significantly higher pollen viability ranging between 86.4 and 89.6% in the <i>in vitro</i> germination test and between 93.9 and 96.3% in the acetocarmine test. On the other hand, female cultivars had significantly less viability in terms of the <i>in vitro</i> germination (1.1–1.6%) and the acetocarmine test (2.1–2.2%). After hand pollination, pollen of ‘Tomuri’ and ‘Matua’ gave significantly higher fruit set than ‘Allison’ and ‘Hayward’ in female cultivars ‘Hayward’ and ‘Abbot’. The <i>in vitro</i> pollen germination test and the acetocarmine test revealed minimum pollen viability at 7:00 AM and maximum pollen viability at 11:00 AM–12:00 PM in male cultivars. These results suggest crucial differences in flower and pollen of male and female cultivars, and indicated the best time window in the day for achieving higher pollen viability, which may assist in artificial pollination.</p>

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Sex-Dependent Pollen Characteristics in Kiwifruit (Actinidia Deliciosa): Morphological and Viability Insights for Enhanced Pollination Management

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月22日

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  • Sudip Kumar Dutta

摘要

There are distinct features in male and female flowers of kiwifruit. Success of kiwifruit cultivation depends on proper pollination, which is determined by the pollen characteristics of male polliniser cultivars. This study investigated the morphological features of kiwifruit pollen and the insights they offer for distinguishing the sex. Length and width of the pollen varied between male and female cultivars; there were also differences in pollen shape, aperture and exine ornamentation. Male cultivars recorded significantly higher pollen viability ranging between 86.4 and 89.6% in the in vitro germination test and between 93.9 and 96.3% in the acetocarmine test. On the other hand, female cultivars had significantly less viability in terms of the in vitro germination (1.1–1.6%) and the acetocarmine test (2.1–2.2%). After hand pollination, pollen of ‘Tomuri’ and ‘Matua’ gave significantly higher fruit set than ‘Allison’ and ‘Hayward’ in female cultivars ‘Hayward’ and ‘Abbot’. The in vitro pollen germination test and the acetocarmine test revealed minimum pollen viability at 7:00 AM and maximum pollen viability at 11:00 AM–12:00 PM in male cultivars. These results suggest crucial differences in flower and pollen of male and female cultivars, and indicated the best time window in the day for achieving higher pollen viability, which may assist in artificial pollination.