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<p>The study evaluated nine grapefruit cultivars for juice content, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), sugar composition (sucrose, glucose, fructose), carotenoid accumulation (β-carotene, lycopene), and Citrus Colour Index (CCI) for peel, pulp, and juice. The juice content was highest in ‘Flame’ (51.75%) and ‘Marsh Seedless’ (50.87%), whereas ‘Oroblanco’ had the lowest (32.59%). TSS ranged from 7.55 to 9.65°Brix, with ‘Oroblanco’ having the highest (9.65°Brix). TSS/TA ratio, a&#xa0;key indicator of fruit flavour and maturity, was highest in ‘Oroblanco’ (13.62), while ‘Foster’ and ‘Star Ruby’ had the lowest ratios (~5.43–5.71). The total sugar content ranged from 6.96 g/100 ml (‘Foster’) to 9.00 g/100 ml (‘Oroblanco’). Sucrose was the predominant sugar (3.17 g/100 ml), constituting 45.12% of total sugars, while glucose and fructose were present in nearly equal amounts with mean values ranging from 2.15 to 1.73 g/100 ml, respectively. Fruit coloration varied significantly as per CCI, with ‘Star Ruby’ showing the deepest red pulp (CCI = 32.29), while ‘Marsh Seedless’ and ‘Oroblanco’ had negative values (−3.27, −2.52), indicating no red pigmentation. Lycopene, the key red pulp pigment, was highest in ‘Star Ruby’ (3.27 mg/100 g FW), nearly six times more than in ‘Foster’ (0.56 mg/100 g FW), while ‘Oroblanco’ (0.039 mg/100 g FW) had negligible lycopene content. The study found a&#xa0;significant positive correlation (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) between lycopene content and a*, indicating that lycopene is the predominant factor for the red hue in grapefruit pulp. ‘Ray Ruby,’ ‘Red Blush,’ ‘Rio Red,’ and ‘Ruby Red’ emerged as superior cultivars with an optimal TSS/acid ratio, juice content, and carotenoids, making them ideal for fresh consumption and processing. ‘Star Ruby’ and ‘Oroblanco’ were identified as promising breeding candidates, contributing red pulp intensity and enhanced sweetness, respectively. Overall, the study’s results provide valuable insights into the quality standards of grapefruit cultivars, therefore making a&#xa0;valuable contribution to future breeding efforts and the citrus sector.</p>

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Comprehensive Evaluation of Biochemical and Colorimetric Traits in Grapefruit (Citrus × Paradisi Macf.) Cultivars

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月30日

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  • Pooja Devi,
  • Gurteg Singh,
  • Yadhu Suneja,
  • Harinder Singh Rattanpal,
  • Monika Gupta

摘要

The study evaluated nine grapefruit cultivars for juice content, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), sugar composition (sucrose, glucose, fructose), carotenoid accumulation (β-carotene, lycopene), and Citrus Colour Index (CCI) for peel, pulp, and juice. The juice content was highest in ‘Flame’ (51.75%) and ‘Marsh Seedless’ (50.87%), whereas ‘Oroblanco’ had the lowest (32.59%). TSS ranged from 7.55 to 9.65°Brix, with ‘Oroblanco’ having the highest (9.65°Brix). TSS/TA ratio, a key indicator of fruit flavour and maturity, was highest in ‘Oroblanco’ (13.62), while ‘Foster’ and ‘Star Ruby’ had the lowest ratios (~5.43–5.71). The total sugar content ranged from 6.96 g/100 ml (‘Foster’) to 9.00 g/100 ml (‘Oroblanco’). Sucrose was the predominant sugar (3.17 g/100 ml), constituting 45.12% of total sugars, while glucose and fructose were present in nearly equal amounts with mean values ranging from 2.15 to 1.73 g/100 ml, respectively. Fruit coloration varied significantly as per CCI, with ‘Star Ruby’ showing the deepest red pulp (CCI = 32.29), while ‘Marsh Seedless’ and ‘Oroblanco’ had negative values (−3.27, −2.52), indicating no red pigmentation. Lycopene, the key red pulp pigment, was highest in ‘Star Ruby’ (3.27 mg/100 g FW), nearly six times more than in ‘Foster’ (0.56 mg/100 g FW), while ‘Oroblanco’ (0.039 mg/100 g FW) had negligible lycopene content. The study found a significant positive correlation (p < 0.001) between lycopene content and a*, indicating that lycopene is the predominant factor for the red hue in grapefruit pulp. ‘Ray Ruby,’ ‘Red Blush,’ ‘Rio Red,’ and ‘Ruby Red’ emerged as superior cultivars with an optimal TSS/acid ratio, juice content, and carotenoids, making them ideal for fresh consumption and processing. ‘Star Ruby’ and ‘Oroblanco’ were identified as promising breeding candidates, contributing red pulp intensity and enhanced sweetness, respectively. Overall, the study’s results provide valuable insights into the quality standards of grapefruit cultivars, therefore making a valuable contribution to future breeding efforts and the citrus sector.