Determination of Energy Use Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions of Pecan (Carya illinoiensis) Production in Türkiye

This study aimed to determine the energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in pecan production. Energy use efficiency indicators and greenhouse gas emission rates were calculated for the 2022–2023 production season. The energy input and output for pecan production were calculated to be 21,548.08 MJ ha⁻¹ and 73,812.43 MJ ha⁻¹, respectively. The energy use efficiency was found to be 3.43, with a specific energy of 5.07 MJ kg⁻¹, an energy productivity of 0.20 kg MJ⁻¹, and a net energy value of 52,264.35 MJ ha⁻¹. The direct energy required is 8209.46 MJ ha⁻¹ (38.10%), indirect energy is 13,338.61 MJ ha⁻¹ (61.90%), renewable energy is 290.95 MJ ha⁻¹ (1.35%) and non-renewable energy is 21,257.13 MJ ha⁻¹ (98.65%). The total greenhouse gas emissions were calculated to be 1356.05 kgCO_2‑eq ha⁻¹ and the greenhouse gas emission rate was 0.20 kgCO_2‑eq kg⁻¹.