Energy Use and Carbon Emissions of Walnut Production in Türkiye

The objective of this study is to investigate the energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions associated with walnut production. The research will provide valuable insights into the environmental impact of walnut production. The study was conducted during the 2020–2021 agricultural season in Kahramanmaraş province of Türkiye. The study findings revealed that the energy required for walnut production includes 29,193 MJha⁻¹ (50.53%) of pesticide, 11,533 MJha⁻¹ (19.96%) of machinery, 9443 MJha⁻¹ (16.35%) of fertiliser, 3675 MJha⁻¹ (6.36%) of diesel, 1249 MJha⁻¹ (2.16%) of electricity, and 1163 MJha⁻¹ (2.01%) of farm manure energy. The total energy input and output were 57,772 MJha⁻¹ and 109,444 MJha⁻¹, respectively. The total carbon emissions from walnut production were calculated to be 2242.23 kgCO_2‑eqkg⁻¹. Of all emission sources, the use of machinery was to have the highest contribution with 56.91%.